okay this last lecture in the reproductive system talked about the actual sexual intercourse okay and it is different in males and females we say where does copulation there are a lot of terms that we use for sexual intercourse it is the introduction of the semen into the female reproductive tract okay let's start with the males and with the males we see in a coordinated complex neural reflex it's going to happen okay we're going to use both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions of our autonomic nervous system in order for this to occur okay it begins with sexual arousal this has to occur in under parasympathetic control so remember parasympathetic is the ring things now down to a low level a baseline level not the fight-or-flight response to be seen under the sympathetic stimulation so if you're not running for your life or five new zombies and that kind of stuff it would allow us to have enough pelvic not actually come flow over filled with nerves nerves to lead to an erection and with the erection we're going to see the engorgement of the penis with blood and that's going to stiffen the name okay as the stimulation continues we're going to see the initiation of the Bobo urethral and remember that's the third landing in blind but it's one of the first glands that are going to utilized during reproduction it's going to help lubricate the penile urethra remember it has alkaline secretion and it's also going to help with lubrication okay pacific lance penis and this process is going to lead to actually the sexual stimulation is going to lead to the process of emission and then the ejaculation okay emission occurs under sympathetic stimulation so now we're going to switch from parasympathetic to sympathetic stimulation so we're going to see an escalation of energy of this spiderfly response that we think about okay and that's ultimately going to cause peristaltic contractions of the ampulla okay that's going to push the sperm and the seminal vesicles are going to squeeze their semen either these are going to contract and that's gonna force the sperm and the fluids the semen from the seminal vesicles into that prostatic urethra okay as these continue to increase it force them to rate them okay we get peristaltic contractions of the prostate gland and that mixes and moves this seminal mixture okay into the urethra okay again under sympathetic stimulation we get contraction of the urinary bladder that bladder is going to contract the muscle the bladder contracts and what that does is prevent it kind of seals off the sphincters okay in the urethra okay but normally would lead out we're going to contract those preventing semen backflow into the bladder now then with ejaculation we're going to see this as rhythmic contractions of the ischial catharsis and all the spongy osseous muscles they're going to stiffen the penis and this is going to push the semen toward the external urethral opening a lee jack ulation process causes a pleasurable sensation an orgasm in the male followed by the erectile tissue let's apply to it okay if we have male sexual dysfunction we call that impotency okay and it can involve the inability to achieve or maintain the erection and this can be caused by actual physical so a lot of the neural response and things like they go into this or even psychological factors play a role of this okay with female sexual arousal okay we get parasympathetic activation again it's gonna lead to the engorgement of the rectum tissues just like we see in the mail we see an increase secretion in the cervical mucus um so we're gonna have more mucus secreted and our secretions from the greater vestibule or glands okay the blood best vessels in the vaginal wall okay are going to dilate that's going to move more fluid into the underlying connective tissues this is going to help lubricate the vaginal surface okay now it's not necessary for the reproductive effort to occur but females can achieve an orgasm as well there's been a lot of debate a lot of questions about why how females have an orgasm but it's not necessary for reproduction and I really won't go into that there's lots of information you can look look at the talk about this but with female orgasms we get peristaltic contractions of the uterine and the magical models and it causes rhythmic contractions but the bonus money osis muscle muscles and they eat she'll keratosis muscles and one of the things that was thought about is this causes a tipping effect of the cervix into the vaginal vault as we're going through this and this may make it easier before the reproductive for our pregnancy to occur because we end up getting a greater quantity of sperm moved into the cervix okay with sexually transmitted diseases these are the diseases that can be transferred through sexual intercourse they can be bacterial viral and fungal infections and here's a list of some of these sexually transmitted diseases that we we came to find here in Texas we've got filled with Kovach inflammatory disease that's been in the news with with shots and vaccines and stuff like that for it aids gonorrhea syphilis herpes genital warts canker sores all of these things and it's interesting how at the when I was at UNC campus they they published the sexually transmitted diseases that were seen by the Health Center and you can see definite trends in sexually transmitted diseases there would be outbreaks of certain certain things like gonorrhea or chlamydia or something like that and these would tend to run their course throughout the the population so okay when we get older we're gonna see some changes in our reproductive signals okay female reproductive system one of the things that we think about is menopause that's when the female cycle ovarian and uterine cycle is going to shut down the male is much more gradual happens over much longer period of time we think of menopause happening somewhere between 45 and 55 in males we've had men that have fathered children in their seventies okay so menopause like I said when ovulating that ovarian cycle is going to stop and thereby we're going to stop the menstrual cycle typically 45 to 55 there is a time prior to this called perimenopause and if we see the cycles becoming irregular we lose that ovarian and uterine cycles because we have a shortage of primordial follicles in the ovaries we start to see estrogen levels decline with those estrogen levels declining we see ovulation on the trigger okay if it happens before h40 they call it premature menopause okay and one of the interesting things that happens is as we're declining with our estrogen and progesterone levels because the ovaries are shutting down the other hormones try to cause the estrogen and progesterone levels to pick up so they tend to rise sharply so we see a decrease in progesterone and estrogen but an increase in genetic open releasing hormone follicle-stimulating hormone and mcmaster take the decline in estrogen levels well it does if estrogen has those five big banks that we talked about okay once we have start - we start to decrease estrogen levels we're going to start seeing a reduction in the years and the breast size misgiving of the urethra and the Batchelor epithelium since it plays a role in bone deposition we typically see a reduction in that okay so we're not going to have the same bone structure that we want something we're going to start losing the bone mass and we call that osteoporosis okay in males and ER pause okay this is the period of declining reproductive function typically between the ages of 50 and 60 we're going to see the circulating testosterone levels start to decline once you start declining those we see again follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone it wants to increase to make sure that we get plenty of testosterone out there it doesn't work that way with the and removals okay we still get smart production okay but the sexual activity is gradually going to decrease declining test-drove testosterone levels that's why those low t clinics and things like that are such a moneymaker now because guys don't want to lose that sexual activity as they get older alright so when we look at these in concepts that we think about we see that these sex woman hormones have made widespread effect on the brain okay and our behavioral drives and things like this we see changes in muscle mass bone density bone mass our body proportions change okay patterns of the hair and the fat distribution occur okay as aging occurs we see reduction in sex hormone levels so that's going to affect the individuals appearance the strength of the individual as well as many physiological functions there are a lot of connections between the reproductive system and other organ systems okay then we can look at this from the skin the skeleton muscles the nervous system the inter consist of the urinary system the digestive system respiratory system lymphatic system cardiovascular system all of these are linked have a link to what's going on the reproductive system and then I give you a list of the hormones and where they are from and what they do it goes through those ok and then we want to think about things if we want a successfully functioning reproductive system in the male we have to have a good sperm count okay swimmers you're saying is it just take 20 is not correct okay it does take one to fertilize the egg but it takes a lot of sperm to get us enough sperm there that we can actually fertilize the egg okay you have to have semen okay the fluid that has the correct Phe that has the credit rien value in it for the sperm to survive and then we have to go through that process they of erection and ejaculation functioning properly on the female side we have to have the ovaries and the uterus to each other okay that communications gonna be good they gotta be coordinated so these cycles are in sync you you have to have the ability to transport the oside to oscillate it and to transport it okay and there are several those STDs that we talked about that can actually block the fallopian tubes okay so that now the sperm can never come in contact with the egg okay we have to have the environment for our reproductive tract has to allow for the survival of the sperm okay so that acidic environment we have to be able to neutralize that in order for this to occur if it's too acidic it's not going to allow the survival of the sperm okay and then ultimately we have to be able to have that you come together and get a fertilization event that occurs in the fallopian tubes with our secondary outside