Overview
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a form of talk therapy adapted from cognitive behavioral therapy to help people who experience intense emotions. It is effective for various mental health conditions and focuses on acceptance, change, and skill-building.
What Is DBT and Its Purpose
- DBT is based on cognitive behavioral therapy but tailored for people with intense, difficult-to-regulate emotions.
- The term "dialectical" refers to balancing acceptance of current realities with the need for change.
- Developed by psychologist Marsha Linehan in the 1970s.
Conditions Treated with DBT
- Particularly effective for borderline personality disorder.
- Also used for self-harm, suicidal behavior, PTSD, substance use disorder, binge eating disorder, bulimia, depression, and anxiety.
- DBT addresses problematic efforts to manage negative emotions by teaching healthier coping strategies.
Structure and Components of DBT
- DBT typically involves four parts: pre-assessment, individual therapy, group skills training, and telephone crisis coaching.
- Pre-assessment evaluates suitability for DBT and requires commitment to treatment duration.
- Individual therapy focuses on safety, reducing unhelpful behaviors, achieving goals, and learning new skills, often incorporating diary tracking.
- Group skills training teaches mindfulness, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotion regulation.
- Telephone crisis coaching provides brief, as-needed support for immediate crises or skill usage outside sessions.
Effectiveness, Risks, and Commitment
- Studies show DBT reduces self-harm, anger, hospitalizations, and substance misuse, especially in borderline personality disorder.
- It requires strong commitment, participation in group work, and focus on present/future over past issues.
- DBT can be challenging and lengthy, with some treatments lasting over a year, especially for complex conditions.
Finding a DBT Therapist
- Therapists can be psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, social workers, or family therapists.
- Seek referrals from trusted sources and ensure providers are licensed and treat your specific concerns.
- Important questions for prospective therapists include their DBT training, therapy format, availability, and commitment expectations.
When to Seek Help and Emergency Protocol
- Attend all scheduled sessions for effective progress.
- In crisis situations, contact your therapist, or if unavailable, call the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline (988) or emergency services.
Recommendations / Advice
- Stay committed to therapy and complete homework assignments for best outcomes.
- Do not get discouraged by the duration; progress can be gradual but is valuable.
- Prioritize mental health and seek professional support as needed.