Definition: Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.
Purpose: Understand how people perceive their world and experiences, identify behavior patterns, and design interventions to change undesirable behaviors.
Historical Background
Roots in Philosophy: Originally a branch of philosophy focused on the mind and moral development.
Independence: Over time, psychology gained independence from philosophy.
Early Traces
Egyptian Influence (3500 BC):
Hieroglyphics indicating emotion and suffering.
Belief in Gods causing pain, with relief sought through animal sacrifice or prayer.
Art to Science Transition: Psychology was considered more of an art until the early 20th century when it became more scientific.
Development in the 19th Century
Psychological Laboratories: Emerged in Europe and North America.
Focus on experimental research on healthy individuals and those with mental illnesses like schizophrenia and depression.
Modern Influences on Psychology
Interdisciplinary Influences:
Neuroscience
Neuroeconomics
Evolutionary Biology
Developmental Psychology
Evolution of Psychology: Continues to evolve with these fields.
Practical Applications
Marketing: Understanding consumer behavior to improve marketing strategies.
Mental Health: Treatment of mental illnesses and addictions.
Social Interactions: Improving how individuals interact with one another.
Conclusion
Understanding Ourselves and Others: Studying psychology enhances our comprehension of ourselves, others, and our environments.