AP World History: Developments in East Asia (1200-1450)
Introduction
Focus on developments in East Asia, particularly the Song Dynasty in China.
Song Dynasty was a significant power in the ancient and post-classical world.
Song Dynasty
Maintenance and Justification of Power
Revival of Confucianism
Carried over from the Tang Dynasty.
Confucianism: Society is hierarchical; emphasis on filial piety.
Neo-Confucianism: Incorporation of Buddhist and Daoist ideas.
Used to justify the rule by promoting societal roles and hierarchy.
Imperial Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy: Implementing the will of the emperor across China.
Civil service examination based on Confucian classics.
Merit-based system to ensure competent officials.
Gender Roles
Women had subordinate roles under Confucianism.
Restrictions on legal rights and property.
Practice of foot binding as a status symbol, particularly among elites.
Cultural Influence and Relationships
Korea
Maintained political independence through a tributary system.
Adopted Confucian principles and bureaucracy.
Cultural influence mainly on elites.
Japan
Voluntary adoption of cultural traits from China.
Influence during the 7th-9th century CE.
Adoption of Buddhism and Chinese writing system.
Vietnam
Similar tributary relationship as Korea.
Adoption of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Chinese literary techniques.
Women were less marginalized compared to Chinese counterparts.
Buddhism in East Asia
Spread and Adaptation
Originated in South Asia; spread to China during the Han Dynasty.
Theravada Buddhism: Close to original form, mainly for monks.
Mahayana Buddhism: Accessible to all, emphasized compassion.
Tibetan Buddhism: Mystical practices, developed in Tibet.
Chan Buddhism: China's own version, emphasized meditation and discipline.
Song Economy
Economic Prosperity
Roots in Tang Dynasty.
Commercialization: Production and sale of goods in the world market.
Iron and Steel Production: Major industrial and economic driver.
Agricultural Innovations: Introduction of Champa rice, leading to population growth.
Transportation: Expansion of the Grand Canal, improvements in shipbuilding and navigation.
Conclusion
Understanding of Song Dynasty's political strategies, cultural influences, and economic prosperity provides insight into the broader context of East Asian developments between 1200 and 1450.