John B. Watson's famous claim: Given a dozen healthy infants, he could shape them into anything (doctors, lawyers, artists, etc.) regardless of background or genetics.
Introduced the concept of behaviorism by applying scientific methods to human psychology.
Little Albert Experiment
Watson applied classical conditioning, a method demonstrated by Pavlov, to human psychology.
Experiment Details:
Watson and assistant Rosalie Rayner conducted an experiment with an eight-month-old baby, Albert.
Albert initially showed no fear of a white rat until conditioned to fear it by associating it with a loud noise.
Result: Albert developed a fear of the rat and generalized the fear to other furry objects.
Watson's Theories
Belief in behavior as reflexive or influenced by environmental history, reinforcements, punishments, and current motivational states.
Opposed to Freud and Jung’s focus on the mind; advocated for objective analysis of actions and reactions.
Aimed to make psychology a branch of Natural Science focused on predicting and controlling behavior.
Environmental Influence
Watson and behaviorists believed environment shapes intelligence, temperament, and personality.
Influence on Child-Rearing
Published "The Psychological Care of Infant and Child" advising against emotional engagement and affection in parenting.
Result: Parents were encouraged to maintain emotional distance and practice sleep training.
Advice potentially influenced Western parenting strategies, discouraging affection towards children.
Personal Life and Regret
Watson applied his methods to his own children (John, Mary, James, William), leading to negative outcomes like depression and suicide.
Allegedly regretted his writings on child-rearing, realizing a lack of sufficient knowledge.
Legacy and Reflection
Debate remains whether behavior is heavily influenced by genetics or upbringing.
Watson's life questioned the efficacy and ethical implications of his theories.
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