Lecture Notes: Alexander the Great

Introduction

• Focus on Alexander the Great's rise and consolidation of power.
• Importance of his father's conquests and influence.

Background

• Philip II, King of Macedonia: Conquered Greece post-Peloponnesian War.
• Birth of Alexander: Alexander born to Philip II and Olympias (daughter of the king of Molossia).

Education and Early Life

• Tutored by Aristotle: Alexander received education from Aristotle as part of an agreement to restore Aristotle’s hometown.
• Military Experience: Demonstrated early military skill alongside his father in Greek conquests.

Family Dynamics

• Olympias vs. Cleopatra: Tension arose when Philip married his seventh wife, Cleopatra, a Macedonian.
• Family Conflict: Philip’s new marriage threatened Alexander’s position as heir.

Tensions and Assassination

• Plutarch’s Account: At Philip’s wedding, tensions peaked leading to insults and near violence between Alexander and Philip.
• Philip’s Assassination: Occurred at Olympias' daughter’s wedding; power struggle ensued.

Consolidation of Power

• Killing Rivals: Post-assassination, Alexander and Olympias eliminated rivals including Cleopatra and her children.
• Elimination of Threats: Many potential claimants to the throne were killed.

Rebellions and Military Campaigns

• Rebellion from Greek City-States: Athens and Thebes attempted rebellion after Philip’s death.
• Siege of Pelium: Alexander quickly suppressed rebellion in modern-day Albania.
• Destruction of Thebes: Used as a warning to other Greek city-states; consolidated power.

Conclusion

• Preparation for Asian Conquests: After securing Greece, Alexander prepared to expand into Asia as his father planned.
• Historical Impact: Despite the brutal methods, Alexander’s early reign set the stage for his future conquests.