Lab Tests for Functional Groups

Bromine Test

• Reagent: Br₂/CCl₄
• Tests For: Alkenes and alkynes
• Positive Result: Disappearance of brown color (bromine)

Baeyer Test

• Reagent: Dilute KMnO₄
• Tests For: Alkenes and alkynes
• Positive Result: Disappearance of purple solution (KMnO₄) and formation of a brown precipitate

Silver Nitrate in Alcohol

• Reagent: AgNO₃ in alcohol
• Tests For: Alkyl halides
• Positive Result: Formation of a precipitate (silver halide salt)

Iodoform Test

• Reagent: I₂/NaOH
• Tests For: Methyl ketones
• Positive Result: Formation of yellow precipitate (iodoform)

Tollens Test

• Reagent: Ag₂O/NH₃ or Ag(NH₃)₂⁺
• Tests For: Aldehydes
• Positive Result: Silver mirror along inside of tube

Lucas Test

• Reagent: ZnCl₂/HCl
• Tests For: Secondary, tertiary, and benzylic alcohols
• Positive Result: Appearance of a cloudy solution
  • Primary alcohols do not give a positive result because the reaction is SN1

Jones Test

• Reagent: CrO₃/H₂SO₄
• Tests For: Primary and secondary alcohols
• Positive Result: Formation of a blue-greenish color