Hello, my name is Mr. Chipman, teach biology, AP Biology at Murray High, Mary, Kentucky. This is unit two, the living world biodiversity 2.2 ecosystem services, AP environmental science. Just double dipping nowadays, enjoying the environmental science thing. It's kind of nice actually. It's almost like an ecology class. It's really cool. Um, so we're going to talk about ecosystem services today. There are four different kinds of ecosystem services. What is an ecosystem service? It's a direct or indirect benefit uh that natural ecosystems provide to humans. You can see them all here, right? It's great little picture sort of showing how they're all interrelated. Uh they're all sort of different, but there's some overlapping. I think it's important to understand before we get into talking about this that there, you know, if you're like trying to pinpoint what something might be, it could be some overlapping there. And so that's normal. The first type of service is a provisioning service. Think what a provision is, right? Providing something, right? Uh this is products obtained from the ecosystem. Could be food like this man has caught him a nice big fish. Look at him. He's pleased with himself. Uh could be water. Could be wood like timber for building things, medicinal plants. Any sort of provision the ecosystem gives us is a provisioning service of that ecosystem. Regulating services. This was a little more abstracted. So these are benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes. Um think of like climate regulation or water purification. There's a great great picture of sort of water purification. Um water coming into this particular wetland particles filtering out being filtered by the different organisms that live there and you have cleaner water out on the other side. Right? That is an example of an of a regulating service. Um forces for forests absorb CO2 that we are putting into the atmosphere, right? That's an ecosystem regulating service. So any sort of regulation of ecosystem processes would fall into this category. Cultural. This is my favorite because the little I don't know. It's just cool, right? This is a non-material benefits from the ecosystem. And you may be looking at this picture like, well, how's hunting non-material? Hunting is more than just like catching food, right? It's uh it's sort of an experience. It's like um something that people enjoy just to do. Some people go and hunt and not a kill anything because it's just the whole the whole experience, right? So that's that's an example. uh anything recreational, aesthetic, even spiritual, educational, anything that doesn't have an like a material I have this thing value to it would be an example of a cultural service an ecosystem provides. Just going out and looking, right? Good. Supporting services. Uh this is simple fundamental natural processes that sustain other services. Great example. So bees pollinating uh sustains provisional services, right? um nutrient cycling. Something like the nitrogen cycle is a supporting service for lots of stuff, right? Feeds plants, feeds us, you get the idea. Um any primary production, just photosynthesis is a great example of a supporting service as well. And then we come along and so human disruption. Sometimes you're going to see the word anthropogenic. I did not put anthropogenic up here, but it's a word that you will probably see on the exam. It's a good good word, good exam word. Anthro or anthropo is uh means human or man. And genic means like starting or originating from. And so anthropogenic means it originates from man, right? It originates from people. Uh these are disruptions that are caused directly by us. So provisioning services, fish, right? Fish being in the ocean. Over fishing obviously disrupts that service. Um pollution disrupts water purification disrupts nutrient cycling. Uh climate change disrupts any sort of carbon resequestering service that a forest might just too much carbon in the air, right? Um alters weather patterns. Um there's there's all kinds of stuff. Urban sprawl leads to deforestation, leads to habitat loss. Um cultural services are gone. you know, there's less green spaces and so you get the idea. New disruption, big problem here. Here's a couple of examples that are different. I like these examples. This is a pete bog. Uh Pete bogs are these um sort of places where a lot of nutrients collect and they stay for long periods of time. They sequester carbon from the water and from the air. Um they filter water as well. So very interesting sort of environment that we don't have much of in the United States. So um great example there. Here's a picture of Rialto Beach in uh Washington State. It's part of Olympic National Park. It's beautiful, right? You go there and you see the beach and it's like a rocky beach, so it's not normal, you know, and you got these big formations and you got all the logs in the background. You got these giant trees. Just really cool experience. Was able to go there, actually walk on the beach. It's fantastic, right? Highly recommend. That's a cultural service. This land is doing nothing. Just sitting there, right? And you can just go out and walk on and enjoy it. That's a cultural service practice. Coastal wetland filters excess nitrogen, phosphorus from agricultural runoff before it enters the ocean. This is best categorized as what? Pause the video. That's right. It's a regulating service, right? It's a it's a regulation of some sort of process, not provision, not cultural. Could argue supporting maybe this is where some of that overlap h happens. And so again, think of how how would this be supporting some other service. It's not directly doing that. That idea of filtering is a regulating service. Hopefully this was helpful. This was 2.2. 2.3 is coming up next.