Overview
This lecture introduces process diagrams in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, focusing on how to understand process diagrams, identify their stages, and use appropriate language in your answers.
Understanding Process Diagrams
- Process diagrams show the steps or stages of a process, which can be natural, mechanical, or manufacturing.
- Unlike other Task 1 questions, process diagrams rarely include numerical data; understanding image relationships is key.
- Questions often contain a description of the diagram with key language to paraphrase for the introduction.
- Identify whether there is one diagram or multiple diagrams, and note where the process occurs (e.g., body, factory, nature).
- Distinguish between cyclical processes (repeat, no clear start/end) and linear processes (clear start and finish).
- Focus on identifying the main stages, not every detail or arrow.
Analyzing Stages and Structure
- Use the diagram’s headings and labels to determine main stages.
- For example, a manufacturing process diagram may have six main stages: extraction, mixing, cutting, moulding, glazing, firing.
- Compare and contrast features if there are two diagrams, or note similarities/differences between stages in one diagram.
- Carefully note the function of images, arrows (connections, not stages), and labels (nouns: things, verbs: actions).
Using Vocabulary and Grammar
- Extract useful vocabulary from the diagram’s headings and labels by changing word forms as needed.
- Use passive forms (e.g., “is extracted”) when the agent is not visible in the diagram to make your description more academic.
- Avoid referencing people or unnamed agents if they’re not shown in the diagram.
Sequencing and Linking Language
- Use sequencing words (e.g., once, then, next) to show the order of process stages.
- Learn synonyms for sequencing (e.g., when, subsequently, after that) to avoid repetition.
- Use linking language for cause and effect (e.g., causing, as a result, so, this means that, this is due to) only if there is a causal relationship between stages.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Process diagram — a visual that shows the steps or stages of a process.
- Linear process — a process with a clear beginning and end.
- Cyclical process — a process that repeats itself without a clear start or finish.
- Passive form — a sentence where the subject receives the action (e.g., “is mixed”).
- Sequencing language — words or phrases showing order (once, then, next).
- Cause and effect language — phrases that show results or reasons (causing, as a result).
Action Items / Next Steps
- Complete class two and the extra training and practice activities on this topic.
- Practice paraphrasing process descriptions and identifying main stages in sample diagrams.
- Expand your vocabulary for sequencing and cause-effect linking.