Mga Mahahalagang Point sa Lektyur

Nov 4, 2024

Mga Paksa sa Lecture

Hyperkalemia

  • Diuretics para sa Hypokalemia: Gumamit ng potassium-sparing diuretics para i-retain ang potassium
  • Diuretics para sa Hyperkalemia: Iwasan ang potassium-sparing diuretics dahil magre-retain ng potassium
  • ECG Findings sa Hyperkalemia: ST-segment elevation, Tall peak T-wave, Prolonged PR interval

Sodium Levels

  • Normal na Antas: 135 to 145 mEq/L
  • Hyponatremia: Karaniwan sa mga pasyente na NPO
  • Euvolemic Hyponatremia: Nag-iincrease ang water habang stable ang sodium

Calcium Levels

  • Normal na Antas: 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL
  • Hypocalcemia Signs: Truso sign, Chvostek sign

Magnesium Levels

  • Normal na Antas: 1.8 to 2.7 mEq/L
  • Hypomagnesemia Symptoms: Tremors, shallow respiration, nausea, and vomiting
  • Hypermagnesemia Symptoms: Hypotension, warm and sweaty

Hypercalcemia

  • Treatment: Loop diuretics to eliminate calcium
  • Thiazide Diuretics: Increases reabsorption of calcium

COVID-19

  • Symptoms: Fever, dry cough, shortness of breath
  • Precaution: Contact and airborne precautions
  • Test: RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction)

SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

  • Rash: Butterfly rash
  • Antibody: Anti-Smith antibody
  • Sun Exposure: Limit sun exposure, use sunscreen

Nagtutukoy sa Iba't Ibang Kondisyon

  • Thrombocytopenia: Mababa ang platelet count, prone sa bleeding
  • Eritema: Abnormal redness of the skin, avoid soap in the treatment area
  • Hypernatremia: Dehydration and edema

Miscellaneous

  • Mga Dapat Tandaan:
    • Angiotensin II function: Selectively constricts arterioles in the nephrons
    • ABG Analysis for Status Asthmaticus: Respiratory acidosis
    • Prophylactic Surgery: Preventive surgery due to family history
    • Handling of Hazardous Waste: Use surgical gloves and gowns, dispose in hazardous waste containers
    • Fluid Volume Deficit: Increase fluid intake, monitor weight, and record intake and output
    • Pre-Chemotherapy: Administer anti-emetic (e.g., metoclopramide)

Mga Mungkahing Gawin

  • Nursing Interventions:
    • Monitor ECG in hyperkalemia
    • Assess intake and output in fluid imbalances
    • Avoid exposing SLE patients to sunlight

Important Reminders

  • Daily Weight and Intake/Output: Important sa hypernatremia and other fluid imbalances
  • IV Site Management: Stop infusion if swelling and pain occurs
  • Blood Pressure Cuff Use: Inflate 40 mmHg higher than systolic for Truso's sign assessment
  • Huwag Magbigay ng Maling Informasyon: Avoid false reassurance to patients pre-operatively

These notes capture the essential points and reminders from the lecture, making it easier to review and study key concepts from the session. Ensure to understand each point for better comprehension and application in a clinical setting.