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Anatomy of Wrist and Hand Explained
Oct 17, 2024
Anatomy of the Wrist and Hand
Overview
The wrist and hand are complex structures with numerous bones and ligaments, allowing for complex movements aided by various muscles.
Key components include bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles.
Bones of the Wrist and Hand
Forearm Bones
Radius
: Located on the thumb side.
Ulna
: Located on the pinky side, medial in anatomical position.
Carpal Bones
Mnemonic
: "So long to pinky, here comes the thumb"
Proximal Row
:
Scaphoid
: Associated with scabs.
Lunate
: Named for a moon-like shape.
Triquetrum
: Third bone, articulates with the radiocarpal joint.
Pisiform
: Anterior bone, prominent on the pinky side.
Distal Row
:
Hamate
: Has a hook.
Capitate
: Central and head-like.
Trapezoid
: Named after a geometric shape.
Trapezium
: Rhymes with thumb.
Metacarpals
Bones of the hand, numbered 1-5 starting with the thumb.
Thumb
: Referred to as "pollux."
Phalanges
Thumb
: Proximal and distal phalanges.
Fingers
: Proximal, middle, and distal phalanges.
Joints of the Wrist and Hand
Major Joints
Radiocarpal Joint
: Condyloid joint allowing flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Carpometacarpal Joints
:
Saddle joint in the thumb (trapeziometacarpal joint).
Condyloid joints for digits 2-5.
Metacarpophalangeal Joints
: Condyloid joints allowing flexion/extension and abduction/adduction.
Interphalangeal Joints
: Hinge joints with proximal and distal varieties.
Ligaments
Radial Collateral Ligament
: Prevents over-adduction.
Ulnar Collateral Ligament
: Prevents over-abduction.
Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament
: Prevents overextension.
Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament
: Prevents overflexion.
Muscles of the Radiocarpal Joint
Movements and Major Muscles
Flexion
:
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
: Causes flexion and adduction.
Flexor Carpi Radialis
: Causes flexion and abduction.
Extension
:
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
: Causes extension and adduction.
Extensor Carpi Radialis
: Includes longus and brevis, causing extension and abduction.
Abductor Pollicis Longus
: Assists in extension and abduction of the thumb.
Additional Resources
Blank diagrams and note sheets available for practice.
Further study recommended on ligaments and muscle details.
Conclusion
Comprehensive review of the anatomy of the wrist and hand, covering bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles.
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