[Music] [Music] hello students welcome to our online discussion so for today i'm going to discuss lesson one philosophical perspective of the self so in this lecture it will be divided into four parts first we will have an activity a short activity followed by the definition of philosophy and then we have the philosophy and the self and lastly the assessment okay before we go on let me share to you our learning outcomes for this lesson first you should be able to explain the role of philosophy and understanding the self second you should be able to discuss the different concepts of the self from the philosophical perspective and lastly you should be able to differentiate the various concepts of the self and identify their similarities have you ever asked yourself of who you are do you truly know yourself okay who am i try to ask yourself how would you characterize yourself panama by the describing sorry by anybody describing personality what makes you stand out from the rest what makes yourself special number three how is yourself connected to your body number four how is yourself related to other selves and lastly what will happen to yourself after you die this is related with our discussion today about philosophy okay so try to ask yourself and then let's have a short analysis or brief analysis on these questions for example so first question is it easy or a difficult question to answer okay is it easy or difficult question to answer then why okay okay what is philosophy it's so important to understand the definition and the concept of philosophy since we are talking about philosophical perspective of the self okay so philosophy is all about finding answers to serious questions about ourselves and about the world we live in okay so basically here we ask questions what is morally right and wrong and why controversial questions that we know about for example um abortion we also have the same sex marriage we have young death penalty okay so these are controversial topics okay now the question is it right or wrong okay okay so basically that is also a concern of philosophy okay so next question what is a good life okay what would you consider as a good life for example you are rich okay you have the access to everything okay you have the wealth however you don't have your family you don't have your friends you don't have anyone okay would that be considered as a good life you have your family you have your friends you have anyone okay difficult question and many more so basically philosophy and concerning is questioning existing knowledge and intuitions to get closer to the truth okay next one what will you get out of philosophy it's a philosophy so there are certain skills that we can get from this discipline okay first critical thinking next one argument skills we have communication we have reasoning okay analysis and problem solving yes those skills will allow you to justify your opinion okay for example when you make a stand about something you need to justify your position and philosophy will teach you on how to do that next one spot a bad argument no matter what the topic is and explain to people why they are wrong and you are right malika without thinking okay so that but we should know how to evaluate assess and critique informations okay for example social media very rampant today uh young spread of fake news okay so that patting dilemma okay that is philosophy so philosophy was first used by peter goras okay young term the philosophy of unanimous i know you are familiar with pythagoras because of pythagorean theorem okay okay so there is another word in a philosophy so basically it's from a greek word which means philo and sophia when you say philo it's love and sofia wisdom okay so if you're going to translate it it's love of wisdom okay philosophy is love of wisdom okay let's move on with the origin of philosophy and logic okay because there is the need to search for the truth okay pakistan search you are looking for something usually we are looking for the meaning of importance significance value and relevance okay so panoramas have been significant being valuable and like what i've told you a while ago philosophy has a lot of questions okay questions questions questions so we're now moving on to part three philosophy and the self so i'm going to introduce to you some philosophers and their perspective with the self okay okay let's begin with the ancient greek philosophers we have socrates plato and aristotel okay so according tests know thyself what does it mean when you say thyself it is synonymous with the word yourself okay so basically knowing yourself so philosophers agree that self knowledge is a prerequisite to a happy and meaningful man is composed of body and soul okay so there are two important aspects of his personhood at a young body and young soul young body thou is imperfect my flaws might damage okay english perfect and then impermanence okay one and forever temporary and then you solomon it's perfect and permanent okay so according to socrates there are two dichotomous realms or dimensions we have the physical realm and the ideal realm physical realm it's changeable in papagusa transcendent and then it is imperfect actually socrates was the first thinker to focus on the full power of reason on the human self so okay who we are who we should be about in the future so according to him the soul strives for wisdom and perfection and the reason is the soul's tool to achieve an exalted state of life okay so the soul being the perfect one it strives for wisdom and perfection wisdom and perfection okay so lin our preoccupation with bodily needs such as food drink sex pleasure material possessions and wealth keep us from attaining wisdom so dahil machado focus on material possessions now will i focus nothing sex pleasure material possessions and wealth okay so that's the idea of socrates about yourself so meron amazon advice okay sir a person can have a meaningful and happy life only if he becomes virtuous and knows the value of himself that can be achieved through constant soul searching so it it's a long examination of your thoughts and feelings okay for him this is best achieved when one tries to separate the body from the soul as much as possible united soul searching next one we have plato sabine plato the soul is immortal okay plato plato he was a student of socrates okay philosophy of the self can be explained as a process of self-knowledge and purification of the soul so somehow there is similarities between the perspective or view so he believe in the existence of the mind and soul mind and soul are given imperfection with god so conscious socrates okay so according to plato soul has three parts first we have the rational soul and intellect okay divine essence that enables us to think deeply make wise choices and achieve a true understanding of eternal truth so basically the rational soul is the thinking soul or you intellectual soul you pause you reflect and then you are second part we have the spirited soul eton man it's about your emotion and passion okay young love anger ambition empathy aggressiveness and so much more okay more on emotion it also then the third part repetitive soul okay so basic needs belong here it's repetitive such as food water air and ho okay so many wallace though that these three elements of ourselves are in a dynamic relationship with one another sometimes in conflict there are some instances where in this tree makaka pero du maratingrinsa time conflict when conflict occurs plato believes that it is the responsibility of our rational to sort things out and exert control restoring a harmonious relationship among the three elements of ourselves okay genuine happiness can only be achieved by people who consistently make sure that the irrational is in control of their spirits and appetites for example appetites okay for example food no next one we have aristotel the soul is the essence of the self society so according to him the body and soul are not two separate elements but are one thing okay so the soul is simply the form of the body and is not capable of existing without the body okay so basically okay they are just one thing they cannot be separate to each other okay isalang sibadi and sisol the soul makes a person a person the soul is the essence of the self aristotle suggests that the rational nature of the self is to lead a good flourishing and fulfilling life without the body the soul cannot exist the soul dies along with the body after mo okay so sabine aristotel soul and body i suggest sympathetically upon each other a change in the state of the soul produces a change in the shape of the body and conversely a change in the shape of the body produces a change in the state of the soul yes that anything with life has soul as discussion about the self self-centers on the kinds of soul possessed by man okay introduce three kinds of soul okay so we have here vegetative it includes your body okay physical body that can grow next ancient or the uh first we have the vegetative body it includes our body okay physical body that can grow next the sentient soul it includes our emotions our desires and feelings okay more on emotions rational soul it makes man human okay it includes the intellect okay that makes man know and understand things okay so we have the vegetative soul sensitive soul and rational soul so young sentient or young sensitive okay so as a vegetative soul we are capable of reproduction and growth okay are they capable of reproduction and growth definitely yes unhumans capable but eye for reproduction and growth definitely the answer is yes also okay so an example a vegetative soul i'm a plants okay next one let's proceed with sensitive soul okay the mobility and sensation when we say mobility we can move around okay the ability to move sensational man the feelings okay emotions and reactions for mobility and sensation for example definitely reproduction and growth capable bacillus mobility and sensation now let's move on to rational soul see humans okay capable human for reproduction and growth mobility and sensation thought and reflection okay so rational sulnaman plants and animals organization it's about thoughts and reflections humans are capable of thinking okay we have the intellect and we can reflect on our actions some of you might ask this now animals um and christianity so more on the religious perspective augustine's view of the human person reflects the entire spirit of the medieval world the soul is united with the body so that man may be entire and complete okay so he believed that man cannot be complete without the soul okay so indeed if man is only existing with his body and without the soul then he is not complete okay so uh singularity okay um body and soul okay inseparable he believe that humankind is created in the image and likeness of god so perspective knowing god is equal to knowing ourselves knowledge of yourself if you know god that's what he believed in okay therefore the human person being a creation god is always geared towards the good the self is known only through knowing god self-knowledge is a consequence of knowledge of god okay knowledge can only come by seeing the truth that dwells within us according to saint augustine the truth of knowing god okay moving on to the next renee the cards i think therefore i am so excited the gex is a holder is the concept of self okay the arc of thinking about self of being self-conscious is in itself proof that there is self okay so basically what he is trying to say is that when you think that is already a proof that there is among the body okay the body or the extension moving on to the next verb janna the self is consciousness so according to him the human mind at birth is tabula rasa or blank slate okay so an okay so definitely experienced he felt that the self is constructed primarily from the sense experiences lock theorize that when they are born all babies know absolutely nothing tabula is he argued that the inside of a baby's brain was empty ready to learn everything through experience okay so experiential learning consciousness consciousness is necessary to have a coherent personal identity or knowledge of the self as a person when you say consciousness it's awareness okay what makes possible our belief is that we are the same identity in different situations next one we have the video there is no self so you know according to himself is simply a bundle or collection of different perceptions which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidly and are in perpetual flex and movement the idea of personal identity is a result of imagination therefore there is no self okay so more on imagination so two terms emphasize detail first we have the impression and ideas okay impression or imperception okay when you say impression it's your perception of reality awareness of reality okay and then your ideas are out of impression for example you know the idea of being in love okay pero hindi panama experience yourself next one we have emmanuel kant we construct the self self is not just what gives one his personality but also the state of knowledge acquisition for all human persons the self constructs its own reality creating a world that is familiar and predictable through our rationality the self transcends sense experience sabina if you are going to reflect on it itself okay you mind though nothing it organizes our experiences that's why he said that the self is the product of reason okay so you might not be no reality okay next one gilbert trial the self is the way people behave so more on behavior in the manual sabina self is not an entity one can locate and analyze but simply the convenient name that people use to refer to all behaviors that people make the self is the way people behave so sabine rene the cards karenina i think therefore i am see gilbert next one we have paul church land the self is the brain so according to him the self is inseparable from the brain and the physiology of the body okay so indeed of putting a giveaway on brain attack and body all we have is the brain and so if the brain is gone there is no self okay so brain well enough self immunity existed the physical brain and not the imaginary mind gives us our sense of self the mind does not really exist it is a brain and not the imaginary mind that gives us our sense of self therefore the self is the brain okay so he believes in eliminative materialism by the way what is the difference between mind and brain so nothing brain it's more on physical thing okay attachable it is composed of nerve cells okay it's more on organ because a partnership when you say mind it's more on a mental state okay it's our uh ability to understand things and generate thoughts and awareness okay so sabine paul churchill and the self is the brain last one we have maurice merlo 20 the self is embodied subjectivity so sabinya according to him the mind body bifurcation that has been going on for a long time is a futile endeavor and an invalid problem all knowledge of ourselves and our world is based on subjective experience the self can never be truly objectified or known in a completely objective sort of way the self is embodied subjectivity okay so when we say mind body bifurcation or bifurcation i should say it's the division of something into two parts and then when you say futile and the word walang sense purpose okay so the self is embodied subjectivity both of them is part of creating of who you are okay so walang says though young mind body bifurcation or young division hindi pudding separate a mind and body okay that's interesting okay so that explains our lecture for chapter one philosophical perspective of the self thank you class goodbye everyone