Vehicle Extrication and Rescue Operations Guide

Sep 4, 2024

Chapter 39: Vehicle Extrication and Special Rescue

  • Objective: By completing this chapter, you will learn about EMS rescue operations, vehicle extrication, and its phases, and various specialized components of EMS operations.

Key Topics

  1. EMS Rescue Operations:

    • Primary Role: Provide patient care and safety for yourself and the team.
    • Rescue Operations: Generally require training beyond the EMT level.

  2. Safety Considerations:

    • Mental and physical preparation is essential.
    • Equipment and gear depend on expected and observed hazards.

  3. Vehicle Safety Systems:

    • Shock-absorbing bumpers may pose a hazard post-collision.
    • Airbags (non-deployed) can spontaneously inflate; maintain safe distance.
    • Protective gear is necessary to avoid irritation from substances like cornstarch in airbags.

  4. Extrication Fundamentals:

    • Objective: Safety is the primary concern.
    • Roles: EMS provides medical care; rescue teams handle extrication.
    • Communication: Essential among team members.

  5. Phases of Extrication:

    • Preparation: Pre-incident training and tool checks.
    • En Route to Scene: Follow safety precautions like an ambulance call.
    • Arrival & Scene Size-up: Ongoing evaluation for scene hazards and patient status.
    • Hazard Control: Manage hazards like electrical lines and unstable vehicles.
    • Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Be aware of additional hazards (e.g., high-voltage systems).
    • Support Operations: Scene lighting and equipment staging.
    • Access to Patient: Depends on vehicle position, terrain, and weather.
    • Emergency Care: Same as other patients; stabilize spine, control bleeding.
    • Patient Removal and Transfer: Move smoothly with team coordination.

  6. Specialized Rescue Situations:

    • Types: Cave, confined space, mountain, water, tactical (SWAT), and more.
    • Technical Rescue: Involves specialized teams with specific skills.

  7. Incident Command System:

    • Establish and communicate with the incident commander.

Practical Scenarios

  • Simple vs. Complex Access: Simple access involves minimal tool use; complex access uses special tools.
  • Trench Rescue: Park vehicles 500 feet away, ensure proper shoring.
  • Tactical EMS: Stay at the command post, follow IC directions.

Review and Practice

  • Proper PPE includes blood and fluid impermeable gloves.
  • First extrication phase is preparation.
  • Avoid touching downed power lines; instruct patients to stay inside until safe.
  • Practice moving patients with control and coordination in rescues.

This summary provides an overview of important concepts in vehicle extrication and special rescue operations as outlined in Chapter 39.