hi everyone it's amy here from the blog i think therefore i teach welcome to your next criminology installment this is for unit 4 and it's 1.2 now i find this topic quite dry mainly because it's things that you've already covered in unit 3 so quite a lot of it is fairly repetitive however it is now a must learn a must remember and must revise for that unit for exam so let me make myself smaller and we'll get cracking all right 1.2 then and this topic is describe the organization of the criminal justice system in england and wales so this is describing the organization of it in this topic you'll need to be able to describe the organization of the criminal justice from england wales and it's the five these five areas you need to know you need to know how laws are created the police and the role of the police the courts and the role of the courts the formal punishments that are given and then the relationships between all of these different organizations that's what makes this topic quite tricky i find you should have knowledge of the organization and role of the agencies involved in criminal justice you should also consider the relationships between different agencies and the extent of cooperation that exists and you need to be aware of synoptic links so unit one the role of the police and lawmaking uh in your campaigns uh to change the law and then unit three the interrelated rules of various personnel in the criminal investigations crime scene courtroom and beyond so you've done all the build processes you've already done about the magistrates you've done about the crown courts etc so all of that comes in here um so what i got my students to do was i gave them all the different organizations and what they do as far as law creation and the process that they are part of and i got them to put them in the right order the order is as follows so this is the order of where everybody comes in this is the criminal justice procedure and so the ones in yellow are the people are not the yellow the colors sorry the ones in color are the people they are the organizations or the agencies and the order of which things happen so laws are created in parliament or by the judiciary the new law so if there's no precedent already set then the judge will make a new one the new law is then enforced by the police so we often only see from the second point that we know there's a law and if we break it we're gonna have problems with the police but these laws have to be created in the first place the crown prosecution or the cps decides if there is a case to bring to court and advises the police so don't forget the crown prosecution service was brought in because the police used to make those decisions and a lot of them went to court that were then dismissed because there wasn't good enough evidence etcetera so this cost the taxpayers a lot of money the crime prosecution service was then designed as a separate organization to completely look at those cases to work out what is the likelihood of these with the the full code test etc to work out will these cases get through the the jury or the court process for um a conviction that is successful is it worth taxpayers money cases are brought before the magistrates caught first uh the magistrates there's normally three magistrates these again if you remember our people that are not paid for their role they are um they're not specifically necessarily legally trained etc and again we looked at the strengths and weaknesses of the magistrates in unit 3. the accused is then released on bail or remanded in custody so they're released on bail if they have very you know they'll probably have quite strict bill um controls or constraints on that or they're remanded in custody if they believe that person is at risk a flight risk of um not not following the bail restrictions not coming for their hearing or if they are unsafe when they're outside of that environment so if they go back into society are they then unsafe from other people as well they may plead guilty and be sentenced or not guilty and be sent to trial this is heard by the magistrates or a jury if found guilty the magistrate or judge will give formal punishment guidance given by the sentencing council defendant may be sent to prison prison and welfare of prisons is overseen by the hm prison service her majesty's prison service and the hm inspectorate of prisons is a separate authority that ensures that conditions and treatment of prisoners meet standards and then finally after prison a person is supervised by a probation service so this is the process that we go through and most of that is fairly similar and familiar to you i then get my students to go back to the cut and stick activity that they've done and i get them now to add in um three details about each of them just like i've said a few details about them three days about the journey three days about the manchester it's three days it's about the hm prisons it can be absolutely just three bits of information about them i also then got them to draw a picture and now that might seem a really bizarre thing to do but pictures really help your memory and so crown prosecution service how can you remember them the police how can you remember them a lot of my shooters drew police cars for example or judge they drew like a gavel um a prison they drew the prison bars this connects the different part of your brain that helps you to remember them because you have to remember what's in front of you right here that's really hard that's really hard i mean it's straightforward and if there's no evaluations or analysis but you just have to remember them so using pictures might help you remember that order and as well as just going over it so i then on the back of that cut and stick sheet i got them to do a bubble of these different organizations and i got them to do them in different colors this helps when we come to the relationships which is on the next couple of slides so around the bubble i've got them to first of all do a law creation link with the law creation this is parliament and judges they make the laws which deal with crime parliament passes acts the judges create law through precedence and statutory interpretation so they interpret the statutes that are already there they might they might deal with previous presidents they've already been set or have to make their own administration of the criminal justice system by the ministry of justice and the home office so that would be their first um bubble link with law creation and all the things that come from that we then move on to our next caller which is the police the police enforce the law they are the law enforcers they investigate crimes they collect evidence from crime scenes they arrest the detain and they question suspects and we know things like pace is now put in place so it's always good to mention examples case studies or legal documents legal acts so it's good to mention things like this so we know pace is in place in order to follow the detaining and the questioning to be done in a proper manner they may uh may issue cautions or fix penalty notices in minor cases so that's going back to unit two from the first year of when you might get a caution when you might get a penalty that's what then penalties might include so that's things like um a caution might be for the first time that you've been caught vandalizing you'll get a caution um you might have a penalty noticing that you have to clean it up and pay a fine but they won't take it to a court for example however if you are repeat offender then it might become more serious um they also send files to the cps in most cases so most cases that they can't deal with so the most minor cases they can deal with but anything else 90 of them goes to the cps for them to deal with the cps then different color they advise the police in their investigations about lines of inquiry and what evidence is required there's a 24-hour helpline between the police and the cps so these really are the people that they can ask their questions to they help with inquiry they help with if this case is to go through to court to a jury to a judge a manchester it's called what evidence do they need to find and have for it to be successful they assess the evidence submitted by the police and decides whether to prosecute is the evidence good enough and what the charges should be they apply the full code test as we've already said and they prepare and present the prosecution case in court so the cps have a really important role in your fourth color around the bubble this is for the hm course and the tribunal service we know that suspects are brought before the magistrate it's called 95 percent of all cases uh these are the less serious ones the less serious crimes if it's a serious crime it goes straight to crown court the magistrates will not deal with them um initially for the pre-trial hearing issues like the plea bill and legal i decide legal aid are decided not guilty please lead on to the trial this may be in crown court for more serious crimes evidence is heard in court before a jury or a magistrate the verdict is then decided so jury if it goes to crown court magistrates if it goes to a magistrate's court and the sentence is then passed you actually need five colors i'll go back and change that for my class so you actually need five colors the final section of the people that you need to know are the hm prison and probation service so this would be the final part of your of your bubble if you're doing it in that way the hm prison service supervises offenders in custody so as they're in custody they'll be supervised and have somebody with them they will supervise the punishment that's given they will also rehabilitate in order to lead to a crime-free life so they'll have a rehabilitation and then this also is linked in with the national probation service they're supervised offenders serving their sentence in the community so some offenders might be doing community service they might be doing other things within the community so they'll watch them or supervise them including offenders released unlicensed to serve part of their sentence outside of prison all prisoners who have served up to two years in prison and are released on license are subject to minimum of 12 months supervision by probation so if you've been given a sentence and you're released after two years but you're released early on licensed then you have to have at least 12 months probation to make sure that you are following the law and that you are not falling into bad habits and that we know what you are doing they also supervise punishments and they help with rehabilitation as well so these are your organizations you need to know what each of them does you need to remember what which what the four are so obviously it's more there's more three organizations and then law making law um uh yes setting the law out so it's not really an organization but it's part of an organization of what they do and but you need to know what happens within each of these what their roles are we then move on to the relationships now you need to know how they all work together hence why the colors are important and helps why the spider diagram then goes out further so at this stage going back to their original colours i've kept police is number two so we don't have one for law making uh because the largest has to be set and then everybody else works according to that so we start with the police so whatever your police is in the color i've done mine blue blue for police um on your police section or wherever it is on your on your bubble you can then start linking it out further to the people it's connected with so the police are connected with the cps so keep the cps in their color the cps provide evidence for the prosecution of suspects charging suspects and either the cps so the police work with the cps to share their evidence we already know that they work with the courts giving evidence as prosecution witnesses protection of for vulnerable witnesses halting defendants in prison cells and transporting to and from cults so the police have a lot of interactions with the courts they might be called to be a witness they might have to if a witness is vulnerable they might need to protect them and they might have to hold them in prison cells in um if they believe that there might be a flight risk to them um and they also transport to and from uh the courts they also work with the hm prison and probation services they arrest prisoners who have breached their terms of license so if the prisoner probation service found that actually the person that they are supervising has broke the law then they will ring the police and the police the ones that then deal with it after sarah's law police will cooperate with prison probation to manage the list of child sex offenders and then something totally separate but they often work with voluntary organizations as well the police will refer victims and witnesses to victim support women's refuges the witness uh service etc so that's just a separate color completely because that's just an extra thing that an extra organization the police work with the crown prosecution service they work with the police there's a 24-hour helpline they give advice on evidence and charging they also work with the courts they prepare prepare and present prosecution cases so they actually the cps go into courts to present the cases they also appeal against julie lean in sentence so if any sentence was lenient that's down to the cps then to appeal it finally the hm finally for this slide sorry there's another slide yet for the uh for the hm prison service and probation links and the hm courts linked to the police the police and other security firms save delivery suspects and of uh suspects prisoners to cart so again you can see the links the links go across if the police help with them they help with them so there's some of these are repeated um and so you only need to learn them once the spy dragon might not work for your brain you might want to do more of a floor chat or something like that but basically you need to know who they are what they do who they link with what their relationships are the police also may be witnesses they um obviously within the courts they also have other people within the court systems so they fund courts and supervise the efficient running of the court systems as well hm prison service in holding prisoners in court sales pending their hearing and return to prison and also h prison service arrange video links for people giving evidence from prisons so there's lots of links between different organizations it sounds very complicated very confusing when you're outside of it like we are when you're on the inside and you're part of this process you'll know exactly who you ring for what finally the relationships then for the hm prison the probation is these are both the same agency all they work under the same heading um but they link the prison links in with some people this probation service links with others so it's i separated it to make it even clearer prison service works with the courts putting sentences into practice and supervising defendants reminded in custody who were the ones who've refused bail being refused bail supervising visits from defense lawyers they also work with the police facilitating interviews as part of ongoing investigations they also work with of course the probation service which is part of their organisation their agency um liaising when a prisoner is to be released on license and what they are going to do so how we're going to get them from prison onto the probation service the probationaries work with the police so if somebody again is remanded off their license and were called to prison while on probation the prison service so probation works for the prison service as we've already said supervising them on their uh license they work with the courts in preparing pre-sentencing reports on offenders supervising offenders given a community service and supervising drug testing as well so their probation works with the courts in those ways so hopefully the color systems has helped you to see how they interact together but it's extremely complicated spider diagram of interweaved webs of how they help each other but even if you can just work it down to a couple of relationships between each of them that would be fantastic so you need to know who they are what they do who they have a relationship with that's what you need to know for this topic i then gave my students a quick quiz give one way in which the police might work with the court system which organization decides on whether a case should be taken to court which body oversees the courts and tribunals give one organization that might work with the prison service which government departments obviously law creation and administration and give one role of the national probation service so give it a pause there if you want to give those questions a go if you don't you want to continue here at the answers uh it's number one uh one where the police might work with the court systems is they give evidence to take defendants to court which organizations is the cps body overseas courts and tribunals is the hm courts and tribunal service so that's their name one organization is the court's police or probation which government departments oversee law creation of course is the ministry of justice in the home office and finally uh one role of the probation they supervise people on release uh released unlicensed or given community services community sentences sorry i then got my students to research two of the extra voluntary agencies so the prison reform trust the victim support the howard league for penal reform how uh women's aid inquest or unlock we've done inquest unlock before um but it's just again having two further examples the more examples you give in your exam the better i also got them to look at mapper the multiple agency public protection arrangements i always want to call it protection axe but it's an arrangement lookup mapper mapper is when a lot of these agencies get together so if there is somebody that is about to be released from prison and they're they're they're a serious crime offender they have a serious crime sex acts murder etc etc all of these agencies through mapper will get together to plan who are they a risk to what do we have to monitor what do we have to watch what do we have to put in place and so they all work together and in a far more um formal manner so they are they all have a meeting point to discuss this uh this offender and how to best deal with them for the public hence public protection how can we protect the public from this person what sort of exam style questions then would you get a five marker might be describe the relationship between the crown prosecution service and the police a six marker would be described relationships between the police the cps and the courts as a case proceeds through so what as a case proceeds through what are the roles of the police the cps and the courts describe the relationship of the prison service with other agencies and describe relationships between various organizations so just a very open one for nine max so some of them might be specific some of them might be completely general but everything you need to know is on the powerpoint of what we've just covered know that the questions could name specific organizations cps police etc or leave it open for you to select the agencies to consider for that nine marker you pretty much need to talk about most of them if not all of them i would say be guided by the number of marks if it wasn't a nine macro it was a five marker you would maybe only give a few examples of the agencies and the relationships because it's a nine marker you are looking for all of them and so then i created an exam uh question sheet for my students where i gave them those questions i gave boxes for them to plan i gave them boxes for them to write out answers i gave them some poll answers which i'm going to share with you on the next slide so that you get access to them as well i got them to mark them what could make them better what was already good about them etc etc so the one that i gave the students i got them to first of all mark it and then i gave the mark so this one's given five marks i want my shoes to first of all mark it though um and told them it was out of seven how many would they give it what was the good things the bad things so that's the the answer that was given five marks the question was the relationship between the prison service with other agencies so how does the prison service work with so that was your green your green color on this powerpoint how do they work with everybody else so the prison service has a relationship with many other agencies in the cjs criminal justice system one of these is the police as prisoners hold people who have been remanded in custody and denied bill by the police and the courts the cps liaised with prisons to request a prisoner's appearance in call or over video link did you disarray are the ones that send people to prison and keep prison um as a sentencing option probation services have a relationship as if a person fails to keep their conditions eg not turning up for appointments the person may be sent to prison to serve the remainder of their sentence the government creates legislation regarding prisoners and often inspects them ensuring all uh rights etc maintained now that's a long answer it was given five marks the example i think also helps so giving an eg is always good and so the good points several agencies mentioned and connections made relationships made focus on prison maintained and technical terms used so technical terms like remanded technical terms like um custody some look for others bail as mentioned so it's always good to use keywords and obviously i had to really search for them in there so having keywords really jump out is a good thing as well to get your marks what could have been added they missed two marks so it's probably two points they've missed the third first is further details eg the prisoners who have served up to two years and released assets to 12 months probation or they could have added in the police would re-arrest if they breached terms and returned them to prison or they could have added in that the hm inspector of prisons does the inspecting so basically it was just extending these points that they've already done adding a little bit more to them giving another example etc just that bit more detail this is quite superficial point point point give a little bit more detail for those top marks the next one i've got my students to do on their worksheet was describe relationships between the police the cps and the cause as the case proceeds through and this was an exemplar answer so this just gives them an idea of how does their answer look what have they missed can they use this to help them so the police will investigate a potential crime and liaise with the cps regarding charge the police said the police will ensure arrested suspects held in police custody are brought before the courts they will also arrest a prisoner recalled whilst on probation and show their return to prison again you've got your keywords there like recalled you've got your details there in your extension the cps will advise the police during the early stages of an investigation they will review cases submitted by the police prepare cases for call and present those cases in car the prosecution will consider whether there is enough evidence and apply the full code test and get full cut yeah full code test and that's again extra bit of detail bit of detail there is get you the marks the cps will also carry out the advocacy um for hearings in either the magistrate it's called the crown court keywords used again there all cases will start in the magistrates caught with summary offenses staying there for the determination um for determination either way cases and all indicatable offenses again keyword use will proceed to the crown card a lot of keywords used there four bullet points two of them extended points keywords used you've also got the proceedings through and so you're sticking to the question you're answering the question there and then finally for the nine marker describe relation to the various organizations of the criminal justice system how would you answer this question so again on my shooting sheet i got them to do a plan law making acts of parliament you disagree overseas uh the justice in the home office so what links could they make what could they talk about what relationship could they mention law enforcement what are the links cps co and the courts what other links prison and probation what other links and then any other voluntary organizations or mapper so i basically got them to plan out their answer how would they get nine marks how would they write everything that's on this slide and everything's on this powerpoint so in the time they're given you'll get about 11 minutes about in that in the exam how would you write as much as you could for all of these in that time so i've got them to plan their answer approximately 15 minutes slightly longer than i said all right that's 1.2 hopefully you've found this useful hopefully it's helped put a few more links together in a few more relationships and kind of organized it and as clearly as i can try and make it for you it's a dry one you just have to learn it and hopefully a lot of this is just repetitive from what you've already done previously but it is important that you do know them and you do know the processes and the relationships if you found this useful give me a thumbs up don't forget to comment underneath any problems issues or questions or just general points uh please feel free to drop them below and otherwise don't forget to subscribe as well so that you never miss out on your future criminology videos thanks very much everyone cheers for watching bye for now