Lecture on Health, Wellness, and Illness in Nursing

Importance of Health and Wellness in Nursing

• Health and wellness guide Nursing Practice.
• Nurses are key in helping individuals maintain health.
• Health beliefs impact health practices.

Concepts of Health and Wellness

• Health and wellness are often seen as synonymous but can differ.
• WHO defines health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
• Nurses need to understand patients' personal definitions of health.

Health Promotion Initiatives

• Healthy People 2020: Provides objectives for health promotion and disease prevention.
• Healthy People 2030: Focus on holistic health promotion.

Definitions and Models of Health

• Florence Nightingale: Health as a state of being well.
• American Nurses Association (1980): Dynamic state realizing individual potential.
• Models: Health Belief Model, Health Promotion Model, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

Models Explained

• Health Belief Model:
  • Perception of susceptibility, seriousness, likelihood of preventive action.
• Health Promotion Model:
  • Positive and dynamic, multi-dimensional interaction.
• Maslow's Hierarchy:
  • Prioritizes basic human needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization.
• Holistic Health Model:
  • Mind, body, spirit relationship in health.

Health Variables

• Internal Variables: Genetic makeup, age, sex, culture (non-modifiable).
• External Variables: Exercise, diet, social support (modifiable).

Factors Influencing Health Choices

• Psychological, emotional, cognitive, and intellectual factors.
• Non-traditional Providers: Alternative health approaches.

Public Health and Prevention

• Focuses on: Promotion, wellness, illness prevention.
• Three Levels of Prevention:
  • Primary: Health promotion (e.g., sunscreen use).
  • Secondary: Disease diagnosis & treatment (e.g., screenings).
  • Tertiary: Restore health post-illness (e.g., rehabilitation).

Nursing Responsibilities

• Help patients identify and modify risk factors.
• Risk factors: modifiable (behavioral) and non-modifiable (genetic).
• Transtheoretical Model of Change: Five-stage process of behavior change.

Illness Concepts

• Illness vs. Disease: Illness impairs functioning across various domains.
• Acute Illness: Short-term, reversible.
• Chronic Illness: Long-term, affects multiple systems.

Illness Behavior

• How individuals react to illness (influenced by socio-cultural factors).
• Internal and external variables impact behavior.

Nurse Self-care

• Importance of self-care for nurses.
• Suggestions include nutritious diet, exercise, work-life balance, social activities.
• Developing coping skills and finding mentors.

Conclusion

• Nurses should engage in self-care to provide quality patient care.
• Encouraged participation in student organizations for support and mentorship.