ANPH 1002 Unit 1: Respiratory System
Introduction
- Topic: Respiratory System
- Reference: Chapter 17 of the recommended textbook
- Presentation as a summary of learning outcomes
Key Learning Outcomes
- Main functions of the respiratory system
- Systems that work with the respiratory system
- Main organs involved
- Changes in the respiratory system with age
Definition of Respiration
- Overall exchange of gases between atmosphere, lungs, blood, and cells
Relationship with Cardiovascular System
- Respiratory and cardiovascular systems work to supply oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide
Anatomy and Function of Respiratory Organs
Nose
- Nasal cavity structures: mucosa membranes, smell receptors, and defensive hairs
- Functions: filter, warm, and moisten air
- Importance of nasal sinuses (frontal, sphenoid, maxillary, ethmoid)
Throat (Pharynx)
- Dual function: passage for food and air
- Divisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Larynx (Voice Box)
- Supported by cartilage, larger in males
- Contains vocal cords for speech
- Important structures: epiglottis, arytenoids, coniculates, cricoid
Trachea (Windpipe)
- Composed of C-shaped cartilages
- Functions as the main airway
- Cilia and mucus as a line of defense
- Tracheostomy as a medical procedure to open airway
Lungs
- Structure like a tree (bronchial tree)
- Air flow from trachea to bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
- Alveoli: site of gas exchange, rich blood supply
- Changes with age: reduced cilia, increased susceptibility to respiratory diseases
Membranes and Lobes
- Parietal pleura and visceral pleura function
- Pleural space with circulating fluids
- Lobes supplied with blood and lymphatic tissue
Respiratory Processes
Ventilation
- Breathing in and out
- Role of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
External Respiration
- Exchange of gases between lungs and cardiovascular system
Internal Respiration
- Exchange between cardiovascular system and cells
Gaseous Exchange and Transport
Partial Pressure
- Contribution of each gas to total pressure
- Atmospheric composition: 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide
- Calculation of partial pressures
Hemoglobin's Role
- Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Possible to carry both gases simultaneously
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- Affinity competition with oxygen
Lung Capacities
- Functional residual capacity
- Inspiratory capacity
- Total lung capacity
- Vital capacity
Age-related Changes
- Decrease in muscle strength and elasticity
- Decrease in lung capacity by age 70
Conclusion
- Importance of visiting textbook for detailed information
- Use provided guide as a reference for study
Note: Engage with diagrams and additional textbook information for a complete understanding.