Overview of the Respiratory System

Oct 29, 2024

ANPH 1002 Unit 1: Respiratory System

Introduction

  • Topic: Respiratory System
  • Reference: Chapter 17 of the recommended textbook
  • Presentation as a summary of learning outcomes

Key Learning Outcomes

  • Main functions of the respiratory system
  • Systems that work with the respiratory system
  • Main organs involved
  • Changes in the respiratory system with age

Definition of Respiration

  • Overall exchange of gases between atmosphere, lungs, blood, and cells

Relationship with Cardiovascular System

  • Respiratory and cardiovascular systems work to supply oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide

Anatomy and Function of Respiratory Organs

Nose

  • Nasal cavity structures: mucosa membranes, smell receptors, and defensive hairs
  • Functions: filter, warm, and moisten air
  • Importance of nasal sinuses (frontal, sphenoid, maxillary, ethmoid)

Throat (Pharynx)

  • Dual function: passage for food and air
  • Divisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Larynx (Voice Box)

  • Supported by cartilage, larger in males
  • Contains vocal cords for speech
  • Important structures: epiglottis, arytenoids, coniculates, cricoid

Trachea (Windpipe)

  • Composed of C-shaped cartilages
  • Functions as the main airway
  • Cilia and mucus as a line of defense
  • Tracheostomy as a medical procedure to open airway

Lungs

  • Structure like a tree (bronchial tree)
  • Air flow from trachea to bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
  • Alveoli: site of gas exchange, rich blood supply
  • Changes with age: reduced cilia, increased susceptibility to respiratory diseases

Membranes and Lobes

  • Parietal pleura and visceral pleura function
  • Pleural space with circulating fluids
  • Lobes supplied with blood and lymphatic tissue

Respiratory Processes

Ventilation

  • Breathing in and out
  • Role of diaphragm and intercostal muscles

External Respiration

  • Exchange of gases between lungs and cardiovascular system

Internal Respiration

  • Exchange between cardiovascular system and cells

Gaseous Exchange and Transport

Partial Pressure

  • Contribution of each gas to total pressure
  • Atmospheric composition: 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide
  • Calculation of partial pressures

Hemoglobin's Role

  • Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • Possible to carry both gases simultaneously

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

  • Affinity competition with oxygen

Lung Capacities

  • Functional residual capacity
  • Inspiratory capacity
  • Total lung capacity
  • Vital capacity

Age-related Changes

  • Decrease in muscle strength and elasticity
  • Decrease in lung capacity by age 70

Conclusion

  • Importance of visiting textbook for detailed information
  • Use provided guide as a reference for study

Note: Engage with diagrams and additional textbook information for a complete understanding.