How can you tell history but not get stuck in the story of the king and war and conquest of the country? Is it possible at all? He went a little beyond the first layer of history, a little further away from the king and queen, war, defeat, victories, etc. Of course, it is possible, but how hard is it? We know it's hard work, and the further we go, the resources will be less, it will be more limited, it will be more difficult to read, because it is far away from us, this work will be more difficult. Sometimes, but we get lucky . There is a reason left and a place that we didn't think we could see, now we can see neither the movie, nor the photo, nor the description in the book . It is confirmed that it is much richer and much more lasting than reading history, like when we go to see Persepolis, like when we go to see the Acropolis , but what I want to talk about is Persepolis and not that, that is, about the kings and conquerors and that is not something that belongs to us. It gives a view of the life of ordinary people in ancient times , not in the center of the empire, in one of the less important cities, we are talking about the Roman Empire, we are talking about the largest empire that existed in Europe, the largest unified empire that existed in Europe and was able to surround the entire Mediterranean at one time. There is something, a place that gives us a window to the life of ordinary people in ancient Rome, not to the extent of, for example, a building, a palace, or a building, nor a city, a complete city with houses, shops, temples, and city squares . where they eat, a bakery, a wine shop, a dock, a public bath, a brothel, and everything that a Roman city had, there is something like that. In the south of Italy, near Naples, there is a place that millions of people go and see every year, and it is truly unique. There is no city that has been destroyed over time and , for example , its ruins have been buried . With the life that was going on in the moment, it was buried under a mountain of rubble, stones, and ashes. Later , centuries later, they found it little by little and started to dig it out . Yes, I went to see it twice and I was impressed both times. The second time I saw something that I had not seen the first time and I am sure that I will go many more times. Let me tell you that the Vesuvio volcano is a city on a mountain slope above the Bay of Naples, a mountain that had this shape before the year 79 AD, when this earthquake hit it and this volcano erupted . It was old , it means the same time it was there and it was working, and it was old, it was a city since 500 BC, there was a volcano in the 1st century AD, and this city was buried, 1st century 79, usually we don't know the year 79 and what does this mean, wait a little First of all, let me tell you, for example, what happened to us in 1979, what period are we in in the history of Iran, maybe this will help us find our place, we are in the Parthian period, the first century AD, from that period, for example, are there any archaeological remains from the excavations in Nesa Did we say that in Turkmenistan today, art works, statues, tools, etc., belonging to the Parthian period are taken out? Or in Iraq today, in Al-Hatar Hatra, which is closer to the borders of the Parthians and Rome, something was taken out of both of these cities . There was a war between Iran and Rome for many years and centuries between Iran and Rome, the year 79 is also called the Parthian period, the 25th Parthian emperor, the 25th Parthian emperor , during which, for example, according to the Zoroastrians, they are collecting the Avesta from different regions and making it one. There is also a period when Iranianism is re-establishing itself in Iran. There was no period after Alexander's invasion and it became Greekized and Hellenized and these are again Iranism is flourishing. One sign we have is that there is a lot of evidence that shows that the Iranian legends that Ferdowsi later wrote in The Shahnameh narrated them. It is during this period that their names were found in the Khodanameks. The situation in Iran is, in short, what is the situation in Rome? Iran and Rome are the great powers of the world and they will be at war for centuries after this. What is the situation of Rome? In the period of its stability, in the period of the Flavian dynasty, the conquests and stability of the power of the Flavian dynasty, and Pompeii is also a city in the same Roman empire , but it is not a very important city , but it is an old city. It was a city before the Romans came here. It was a city on the slopes of Vesuvius. It was a city dominating the Gulf. Naples is in Campania, Italy, near Naples , which means that from above, Naples is characterized by mountains and Pompeii, and it was clear that Naples is also an important city. Now we are making a video about Naples. It is the birthplace of pizza, probably where pizza was first made, most likely for several centuries. Before the Romans captured it, it was a city , but now it has flourished a lot, there was a river near it, it was close to the sea. Today, if you go to Pompeii, you will see that it is far from the sea , but that is because the sea has gone down, or now the mountains have come up to the river, and so on. Everything has been destroyed , but Pompeii used to be on the way to the sea , and that's why it was very prosperous. It was the first of the Roman colonies. A little further on, there was a wharf where the wheat brought from Egypt entered Italy from here. Egyptian wheat was a very important thing for everyone . The Roman Empire, which controlled the entire Mediterranean area, was important from a commercial point of view. It was an important place. It also had fertile soil here, among other things, because of the volcano on the slopes of the volcano, and it was an ideal place for trade and agriculture. It was good , what more does a city want in the ancient world? Until one day in the fall of 79, during the reign of the emperor named Titus, the Vesuvius volcano erupted and then the city was destroyed. They were an empire that had a very short reign. They did not rule for more than two years, but in this short reign for two years. As for the important work , two important events have happened that we made a video about in this free YouTube, one of them is the eruption of the volcano and the other is the opening of the Colosseum. I want to tell the story of the volcano . We know exactly when and what happened because it was written by a first-hand witness of this story. We have a letter from 2000 years ago that a first-hand witness wrote to a famous historian at that time and explained what happened and who wrote it? Someone named Pliny Pliny the Younger says that I was in the public house when the volcano erupted, his uncle is also an important person , that's why they are called Pliny the Younger, because they call him Pliny the Younger, they call him Pliny the Elder. Knowledgeable and a person who studies nature, a thinker, and a very interesting person, a scientist who, of course , besides being a scientist and curious about nature, and the commander of the navy was also a part of the Roman Empire . He wrote a collection of books in which he collected everything he knew until then, he arranged everything we know, that's it , he collected several volumes of books, he collected all the knowledge. He would read and write from night to morning, and after morning he would go to his employee's work, then he would go back to continue the program, he would get tired, he would lie down, and someone would read for him. That is, he used to listen to audio books 2000 years ago. He had a nephew named Pliny the Younger, who was like him in many ways, and he lived in his uncle's house . We know about ancient Rome because of one of the hundreds of letters that he wrote, one of these letters, actually two of these letters, give detailed accounts of the story of the volcano , the eruption of the volcano, the eruption of the mountain and the events of that day . We also have the discoveries of archaeologists, the discoveries that show us the city, buildings, markets, houses, temples, etc. It also shows us what we understand about the 1,500 people whose remains have been found so far, for example? For example, dying in this way means dying in what state? What were they doing to die? Because some of them were doing funny things, which means that they are now in special situations where they have to die. how are you In which direction are you going? sleeping? sitting? Squatting? standing? Being alone? to be with someone And in this way, we are slowly unraveling the story of that strange and awesome day, this awesome event , we also have the date of an autumn day in 1979, we understand that before they said it was in the summer, but it was August, now they say that neither in these excavations nor in the house were these pomegranates found. And saying that if it was a pomegranate, if the body was wearing thick clothes, which it looked like, then it can't be August, Pompeii is hot in the middle of the summer, there is also a hot place, this shows that it is autumn, so this date is suitable for him, as he wrote the dotted lines together. Connecting to say that it was October 17, this is such an interesting place. Architectural researchers, urban planning researchers, materials researchers, history researchers, archeology researchers, arachnologists, and any fields that you don't even think about are possible there, and they are all trying to be a piece of the city's puzzle. Complete Pompeii and life in ancient Rome as it is the only city that has remained complete like this and add something to the knowledge of their field and the literature of their specialty with the help of this window that has been opened to a city in the first century AD . The Bay of Naples is a bay that has Naples on one side, Sorrento on one side, Mount Vesuvius on the other side, and the Mediterranean Sea on the west, which for the first and last time in history at that time is surrounded by a great power, the Roman Empire, all around the Mediterranean, the ports are abundant in Sending and receiving goods and people, among others, there are several cities in the Gulf of Naples on the slopes of Vesuvius, all prosperous, one of them is more of a villa and recreational city, and this is one of them more of agriculture, one of them is more of a commercial port, and one is like Pompeii. Most of the city looks like agricultural workers. We said that it is good for construction. Because of its soil, the soil is like they say when you mix it with lime, it becomes concrete. The more water it eats, the more its strength increases . Well , now they may not know much, that is, they don't know that this is the ash of previous volcanoes that is here , but they understand that it has good properties. In short, it is good for construction. It is also good for agriculture. Let me tell you something. It was very interesting for me. Well, now we know here that it is a volcano. How do we know it? ? Because we have history, we read history, we understand that Pliny wrote that it became a volcano, we have the evidence, people 2000 years ago who didn't have history to read, but they knew something from the past. did you know How do you know about the past? How do you share information and stories? It seems to me that one answer is with the same legends and mythological stories They don't have a date , but they said something about the mountain , which we now understand when we read it , it must have been this volcano . These giants had rebelled against the gods, so they captured them, they were thrown under Vesuvius, and they were imprisoned there, and from time to time they made a movement, probably there would be earthquakes there, and they explained the existence of earthquakes in this way, and they said that this is news. With this story, they probably pass it on from generation to generation and thus have no history , but in order to convey the story to each other, they have a different way to tell the story, and the way is to tell legends about Pompeii, about Herculaneum . They used to tell each other about Pompeii and having these in a way . In short, they have a supernatural quality . They have a supernatural quality. They have a story that is not natural. The name of that city, Herculaneum, which I said was near Pompeii, came from this legend. What kind of city was Pompeii itself? Pompeii is a city that is a typical city, an ordinary Roman city , I said it is very old, but now it has become a Roman city, when it came to the Romans , it was also a city on the water, sailors came a lot , so it has a fun and entertainment of a man of the sea, that is, many bars and baths and brothels . And the urban design of the Roman cities also has the famous Roman cities that have a network design. We know that the Romans were very, very progressive in road construction and road construction. It seems like there is something. This is their urban order and the order of their road construction is probably something that was influenced by their military systems, Rome as a whole, the army. And it had a very strong and orderly military system. I know very little. It is one of the things that I like to go to now, but now in urban planning, they say that these perpendicular streets should block the city in blocks. A block should be at an intersection with an intersection. This style of Roman design was in Roman cities and it continued until the modern period. You can still see the same streets in a series of cities with lines lined up in the middle of the blocks. Now they are building apartments . Rome also seems to continue, especially wherever a new colony was built, the city was built in the same style. The city has two main streets, one north-south and one east-west. They both cut off the center of the city, of course . Public market, temples, municipal building where people go, they have lawsuits, the court and such things are all around this forum, then this is the middle of the streets that meet each other, they also reach the main gates of the city . The urban development that we see in other cities in the Middle Ages or in Europe or in other parts of the world, which often have less planning and design in advance, grows organically , but this is not the case in some cities in some cities that have no design at all in the modern era. Being built today, we can see something similar to this model. They say that somewhere in New York, in Barcelona, in Paris, there are areas where this network system is implemented, with the intersections of all 90-degree intersections and smooth streets, and of course, the public spaces of the city . All the features of Roman urban planning, Pompeii also has a similar style, the streets are regular, the width is 4-5 meters, the ratio of the width to the height of the buildings is one by one , the streets are good, just like the roads that we say are good, the streets are good, we can see the order in them . It shows that the door can easily go to and from the water, it can go to the water and sewage, and so on. A good understanding of the public health system, having those bathrooms that I said had many bathrooms in Pompeii , especially, for example, at the entrance pier, this was for the sailors and those who come from the sea to wash themselves first, then to express themselves in the city, then in the city, in these streets. Water used to flow, now when it was raining, sewage would collect in order for them to cross this street. Go now. For example, there is a stone in the middle of the street, which is a pedestrian crossing. which gathers in the middle and this is the path of the animals that the horses that carry the trunks, the trunk line is still on some of these stones, if you look carefully, you will see herds of watering holes in this same street at the intersections . Garmeh is a network of canals and pipes to bring clean water and distribute it . Some of its drinking fountains are now a little more beautiful, some are more ordinary , and by the way, one of the signs that shows that something is happening is underground, just before the eruption. The volcano will cut off the water from the springs, maybe it is a sign that you should have understood, but you could understand that there is something underground and it is not good to stay any longer. What else do they have of public buildings like any other Roman city? Pompeii has two theaters, one It is smaller, 1,500 people , for example, music, music, small shows, and probably speeches, etc. It seems that it probably had a roof or could have had a roof. One of them is an amphitheater for 20,000 people , which no longer has big programs and gladiatorial fights. It is not as big as the Roman Colosseum. But it's older than that, it's the oldest Roman amphitheater we have, and the rest is the opposite of the Colosseum, which was built up and built up and down, which means digging it up and bringing it under the hall. Let's think about it. Before Christ, 20,000 people used to gather in it to watch a show. It's really that big . The population of Pompeii is large, probably 20,000 people, if I remember the estimates correctly, and this means that this was a place where people from the surrounding cities and villages could come here to watch programs. And this but outside the city, or actually at the entrance wall of the city, the fences of the city, there are different temples in the middle of the city. Well, it was polytheism before Christianity, it was paganism, different gods during his life, a person might worship different gods for different purposes, he might go to different gods. At different times of the day, it was even possible to go to different gods and visit different temples, but it was in the middle of the city so that everyone could easily reach it. The temple was Venus, the god of love and beauty, and this was Isis, which was probably one of the effects of Egyptian civilization . Apollo was the god of the sun , which is probably a relic of the Greek civilization there , and the principle of work was also the god of the gods for the Romans, Jupiter was the official god of the Roman Empire . It can be understood from the temples that they have and this from other things, if you go to Pompeii now, every time you go, some places are closed and they are digging, they are exploring, you see archaeologists, they are digging in there, they are studying something, they are examining things , including the things that are removed from the remains. Finding the victims of the volcano, taking DNA tests, and seeing that these people have roots in all kinds of cities and civilizations around the Middle East, which if we think about it, such an important seaport city and all these ancient civilizations around it should not be a strange thing . Cultural signs , we can see from human signs that it was a diverse city, another thing that Pompeii has. Baths are usually interesting for visitors. There are several sets of baths in Pompeii. There are also baths in Pompeii. No, there is only one place. The baths had a ceremony. Each bath had several rooms. Now it has a dressing room. Then the dressing room was very impressive. Leave it there, then it has different salons with different temperatures and different functions. The salon has a normal temperature, it has a cold water pool, it has a massage parlor that massages the body , everyone has their own oil and their own organization, and there are slaves who give massages, the story of the lives of slaves in Pompeii. It is possible to follow what kind of life the slaves had in ancient Rome, their work is characterized by a lot of work, in fact, the slaves do the work, including the work in these bathrooms, each bathroom has a kind of architecture according to its function . It's a living room where they put a torch under the wall, it heats the air, it spreads it in the room from under that wall, I think it would heat it, and who will light that torch? Who keeps the fire? After coming out of the sauna, the slaves keep the cold bath, the cold room, the cold pool, after coming out of the sauna . People socialize there, just like it probably happened in the past in Iran, there was some kind of socializing in the men's bathroom, and some kind of socializing in the women's bathroom. Here, too, it seems that the bathroom is a place not only for bathing, but also for socializing and peace and so on. And then, of course, there is a wall around the city, which also has a defensive role. For the city, its gates are a place where traffic is controlled . Free trade, so to speak, they are doing business with all around the Mediterranean , and once or twice I said that I should talk a little about the forum in the middle of the city . There is a forum in all Roman cities. The most famous one is the Forum of Rame in the middle of the city of Rome. It is a large plaza without a roof in the middle of the city , that is, its roof is like the sky in Pompeii around it, now we can see its columns around it, a temple building, an office building, Shahreh Bazareh, on this side, there are shops in a corner where people have tables and sell things , that is, it is a place of shops, the commercial, cultural and religious center of Shahreh, in the middle of the city. Even now, on the internet sites, we used to say that the forums are the sites where we talk and answer questions and ask questions, and this forum comes from the same name. I think next to the Pompeii Forum, we see a basilica building , that is , we see the remains of a basilica. That's why when I saw the basilica in Pompeii, I was surprised. I said, since they haven't been Christian here yet, how could there be a basilica there? what is the riddle When we say basilica today, we almost mean the same church, but in ancient Rome, before Christianity, basilicas were more or less the same architecture that churches have now , that is, later churches found long rectangular halls and tall columns, and the bottom of them was even like an altar. It looks like a church, what is the difference from a church? The church was built with the inspiration of this, not that it is the same church now , but the church was designed and built with the same inspiration of the same architecture in Rome at that time, but it did not have a religious function. It did not have a religious function . Legally, this was held like the forum, which was rectangular, and the basilica is also a long rectangle like the forum, the bottom of which is a focal point, which is usually the temple of the main temple . On the other side of the Pompeii Forum was a fruit and vegetable market, then this was interesting to me. Its design is a bit like the central fruit and vegetable market that I saw in Iran. It is a large rectangular area surrounded by stalls, the vendors are what they describe and show there. You can see its picture and see its reconstructions. It was very similar to my picture. Now in Pompeii, there is a pond in the middle of it, which was probably used to sell fish. Another thing that was very interesting was a kind of fast food restaurant in Pompeii. There were different shops, like a grocery store , for example. You could buy anything. They probably had a series of bakeries that made bread and had an oven and sold bread, and these were also a series of restaurants where you can buy and eat hot food . What kind of space did it have, probably two years ago there was a grocery store, here there was a bakery, here was a fast food restaurant, and now this is all the public space of the city that we are talking about, this is also in the street closer to the front of the house. The section is closer to the center of the city to the Forum and the apartments , which belong to the rest of the people. They belong to the common people. The villas are among the attractions of Pompeii. Some of these villas are also famous. Tourists go there a lot. He saw how the architecture of these houses was, he talks to people about how they lived here. Well, the houses face the street, but the entrance is narrow, no matter how big the house itself may be, and like the Iranian house, here you come from the alley, you have a public space. Step by step, you enter a more private space. There is a narrow entrance, often there are two earring shops, then you enter the main hall. Some houses like this have a guard , usually a slave . Be careful, we have dogs, they used to do this 2000 years ago, then you come to the front, an atrium, in the middle , a place with an open roof, open again, underneath, there may be a basin that collects rainwater . It is the house where you can impress the guest, and from these conversations, it is possible to have a page right here, right? A temple , a temple, a small place of worship for their family god, their deceased and their dead, and these are around this entrance, maybe very simple rooms, very small because we are careful, the window that is not working, the room, the room, now we call it a cell, we call it a prison cell, only open from this side. For example, in the middle, probably the ones at the end of the valley and many others are small, narrow and sour, these belonged to the slaves, then you come further in the middle of it, you may reach a courtyard and mosaic work, garden work, and a garden, and there are rooms and rooms with paintings around it, the more you go, the more you enter. The private space until you get to the dining room, their dining room is where they eat, and they don't have chairs, tables, chairs, but the way they eat is interesting in the paintings from that time, and they describe how they lie down, eat, cuddle, and want to have a good time. Show the body that we are comfortable and not worried and that we can lie down and eat like this. There are a series of rooms and houses, usually you can see this on the wall. Literally , because now, there are buildings and rooms in a brothel, something in a bathroom, for example, there are paintings like that on the wall, or sometimes in the reception, they draw such paintings on the wall in the middle of the reception, which raises a question for a person that this is basically a moral system. Others thought Because they draw very pornographic pictures, sometimes you can see this in all kinds of houses in every class of society. The first thing they say is that they took it off. When they saw it, the inquisitors themselves became very red and white. Some people say that until 2000, Naples was a secret museum, it was not opened to the public, for example, not everyone could go and see it, but it seems that this was the practice in ancient Rome or at least in Pompeii and probably in other cities of ancient Rome. And it was also on the reception wall and you could see it in the parties , of course, now the things we said are all from the houses of rich people and people who have a position, for example, most people did not live in such houses, most people had a simple apartment and living in an apartment was much more practical. Much more simply, we defined a small town, we took a small phase of a first century Roman city, we found out what time we are in, what the city looks like, and what 's going on . Yes, there was no such thing. It was 10-15 years ago that the earth was shaking less and less. 15 years ago, there was an earthquake that was reported to have destroyed it. It was not like they would close the city now and then evacuate, or all of them. They say that this is a dangerous place, but many things were destroyed, and when this volcano came, it was under repair, some of these temples were under repair, but life was going on, it had been going on for all these 15 years, then it was going on that day. We also told about the incident that the young Pliny was at his uncle's house. In his letter, he explains that it was one o'clock in the afternoon . He was studying, he was studying, then he said that the mountain roared and my sister came and said that the mountain roared, and I didn't take it seriously at first, and they are not in Pompeii, they are a place where you can see the other side of the Bay of Naples . He explains a very historical description. It is the first time someone has explained the mushroom cloud phenomenon to us. We all probably saw its picture in the explosion of the bombs that America dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Another atomic explosion means we have the picture from that story. This is what you describe. He does it. Well, he doesn't say it's a mushroom bomb. He says, "I see a black cloud. It has one body like a palm tree . It has a column in the middle that goes up to the top. After the top, something spreads and comes down. It looks like branches. This is what he describes, and he says, "This log is all black, and sometimes it's white." There are some things in it , but mostly it is about the height of this column, how high do you think it will go? 30 km is estimated to be 30 km. What he sees from the outside is that something is thrown up 30 km and then it falls like this. What do those who sit under this palm tree in Pompeii experience? They see that something like this is coming out of the mouth of the mountain and it is thrown towards the sky. This is the first phase of the volcano and the eruption happens in three phases . It's shaking, there's an earthquake behind it, then the one that went up, now it has to come down, this is the second phase of this stone and ash that was thrown like this, it went up and created a black cloud in the middle of the day, it became dark, now it wants to rain ash and stones that At first, most of the ash comes down , some people want to run away, but the stones become more and more, and the roads are blocked, they see, it's not safe. First, those who have a hatch, try to escape with a hatch. Those who have slaves try to leave as soon as possible, but they see that the road is closed, there is nowhere to go . It's coming , it's getting very dangerous, some buildings are getting damaged, it 's happening that some people decide to stay at home and those who stay at home stay at home, those who stay at home, those who take themselves to the water's edge on the boat. But who can go on a boat in this wind and ash and darkness and limited visibility ? In addition, there are evidences that it seems as if the sea has drawn back due to a tsunami, and then there are these volcanic pumice and this rock and ash, and it is also difficult to get in front of the ships, to dock, and in short, no one can be saved by boat, this rain, darkness and terror. It continues for a few hours. We said it started at one in the afternoon. This continues until a few hours before midnight. The third phase will start . They can see the flames, they can see the first phase, we said, was a gray cloud thrown into the sky, the second phase was the rain of ash and stones on the ground, the third phase was the fast and heavy streams of hot gas, ash, a volley at a speed of one hundred kilometers per hour, a hot volley that completely buried Herculaneum, to Pompeii, which At first, it blows a little, then it calms down, then it blows more violently again and stops, then it blows the next one more violently, a barrage of hot gas and burning ash, and the temperature is estimated to reach several hundred degrees Celsius. Superheat gas burns everything that is flammable, and this is how it is. The rapid heat kills every living being in its path, as if you were in a hot furnace, with no way to escape, a furnace that has a new fan, Mr. Tom Holland explains this shockingly in his podcast, Rest Is History, and in his book . The escape of those demons who were chained by Hercules, they let themselves go, and the arrival of the person who was in the street, in a moment, his lungs were filled with hot gas and ash, he was suffocated, this phase was so strong and long . The last rain destroyed Pompeii and everyone who was still alive. Like the previous few , the last rain calmed down a bit, and even the weather cleared up . And this series that threw stones and ashes, everyone died, whatever it was, whether it was the family man who was walking in front of the others, or the slave who was carrying their rain, or the children who were holding hands, or the woman who was holding the statue of God of Luck . A doctor who had his doctor's bag in his hand, a dog whose door was closed, a donkey who was turning the mill wheel to give bread to the people, in the end, everyone was where they were and while they were, dying in an avalanche of ash and fire gas was no longer important. Who really went to the dock, who stayed at the door, who took shelter, who is in the underground, who is rich, who is a slave, who is poor, who is human, who is animal, everyone is equal and share the same fate, this is not a volcano that melts and lava comes out of it, it is a volcano that now They say the Plinian Eruption , named after the young Pliny who explained it, was full of smoke and ash for two days that came out and rained on the city and then buried it six meters under itself, buried it under itself and suffocated the city, it suffocated the city. He destroyed what was there, Pompeii was away from the sea forever , or from that time until now, it was away from the sea, and after a while, no one remembered where exactly this city was, they remembered that it was on the top of a mountain. It was a city But they didn't know exactly where it was anymore, after those who were buried under 6 meters of dirt and stones, their bodies remained in a mold of ashes and dirt, and remained here until years and centuries later, those bodies disappeared. Archaeologists of the 17th and 18th centuries started digging. After arriving at these corpses, instead of the corpses , where there was no corpse left, but the mold was left around it, there was a mold left, but the middle was empty, where the corpse was, the corpse was gone, and here they did an interesting thing, injecting liquid plastic into those molds and Making models of these corpses of people who we can now see the last state of their bodies and sometimes their faces before death, the state in which they die from the plastic model that has been made, the model that is exactly where they are in the soil from the other side. The ashes of these models are now there and we are going to Pompeii. Some people mistakenly think that these are the same corpses. They are not the same corpses, of course , but it is very, very, very real. It is a real picture of the moment . Bagh Abdi first thought that it was two women, then they said no, these two died, two died, one is 40 years old, the other is 18 years old , and they are not genetically related to each other . who died in chains and his head was on the ground, people who generally seem to have very good and healthy teeth, people who probably know that there is a commotion underneath, a giant is there, maybe they even saw smoke, maybe they saw that the spring water was cut off for a while Maybe they heard about the earthquake 15 years ago, maybe they themselves probably saw it themselves, heard it from someone , but as far as we know, they continue their normal lives until the last moment, wheat is being milled, wine is being made, people. They are buying and selling, life is in the flow until the moment it is in the flow and everything will change forever as long as they are in the flow at least and they know and it is important to them. What happened to Pliny? We said that Mr. Pliny the Great was the commander of the navy and he was a very kind person who, when he saw this, first came to look at the volcano as a natural subject that he was very interested in, to investigate it , to see what happened, to record it and to be scientifically curious . He saw that no, this is a place that requires more than scientific curiosity. He should go to help and take a boat and hit the water . They should go and evacuate the city . Pompeii, his friend's house, now under that rain of ashes and Ina, he reached himself there. He also describes something strange about his mood. This nephew says that he arrived there, went to the bathroom, came out and had dinner, and then everyone was worried and Ina went to sleep, went to sleep, but It rained so much that I woke him up and brought him out of the bedroom because if he stayed there, he would have been buried there, he would have died, the door to the other bedroom was being closed, then they say he came out and decided to go and run away from there in the same ship and under the rain of ashes. The fire of this great Pliny died and was suffocated and his nephew was not there with him, it was a safer place, it was a safer city, but he told his story and wrote it, and the place where his nephew was, now the effect of him was coming because he was not there anymore . Something is spreading in the region, if I'm not mistaken, for example, in Naples, they can feel it, the rain is coming, the effect is coming, even where it is, the rain can be seen from afar, and finally, it reports this burial, it reports how this black avalanche is advancing and People are screaming and running away and everyone is crying, big and small He thinks he is saying that they think the world has ended. Some people raise their hands in prayer to the gods. Raise them to the door of God. Some people also think that the gods are over. The world is over. From here on, the fate of the world is darkness . He reaches himself, he says, "My lungs got tired and I coughed, and then it got dark, the black cloud and ash started to fall little by little, and then it settled down little by little, then I was able to get up and look, and I saw that yes, this is Naples, finally at the end of our city." It is still there , but there is no more news of Herculaneum and Pompeii, the landscape has changed forever, and it is natural that something like this changes the shape of a mountain and there are cities, today and tomorrow, this has a great mental effect. For those who see it and for all those who read the report and hear about it, many people think that this is a sign that the gods are not pleased with us. In Rome itself, the Jews said that you know why this happened? Do you know why this disaster happened to Rome? Because you destroyed the temple of Jerusalem, the same person who was the emperor, the same general who took Jerusalem, destroyed the temple. It was a very effective event, it was an event that caused the Jews to be displaced. The same Jews who were displaced sought refuge from the Roman Empire. Iran was Parthian, and after that Mesopotamia became Parthian, an important center for the spread of Jewish tradition and culture. From that time, this event had an effect on the Romans, it had an effect on the Jews, and it had an effect on others until centuries later, until Voltaire's Enlightenment period , when he wanted the views of Criticize a very optimistic philosopher, for example, who says that every event in this world has a good in it and that this world is the best possible things . It's not that everything is good and good in this world, there are flaws and such things happen, and there is some idea that God is benevolent and he discusses this in front of him. I'm saying a lot here. It had an important effect on the mentality of the Romans, because God is a kind to them. It was an insurance, it was a kind of insurance policy, they said that we worship him so that no calamity will happen to us, then now that calamity had come to them, they said that this insurance didn't work, we must have done too little , they must not be satisfied with our performance, we should increase the insurance premium, the Roman empires used to do something that It seems that they were doing this to win the hearts of the gods, of course, for Pompeii, which was of no use anymore, Pompeii was buried there under several meters of dirt and ashes, no one came to find it again, and it was practically forgotten until 1594-1600. When will it be 1600? It can be the time of Shah Abbas , that is, we came from the time of the Parthians to the time of Shah Abbas, 16 centuries later, the time of Shakespeare , then it was rediscovered, realizing that it was there , of course, not doing anything with it, realizing that it was there from the 18th century, starting to dig very slowly, it slowly stopped again, the first time, now only In order to take out the bowl, jar, etc., little by little, with more care, more consideration, more value, more precision, and it continues to this day, and it is not completed, a huge and long excavation project , naturally, well, it also acquires political importance , that is, it also acquires a political burden in all of this. The periods they are excavating from the time of the Bourbons who ruled Naples, Naples and Sicily, until the time of Napoleon, until the time of the unification of Italy, until the time of Mussolini, each of them dealt with this excavation of Pompeii in a way. Napoleon's sister was the wife of the king of Naples at the time when systematic excavation began He was very interested in doing it . At that time , it was a very important project to spend the first time on the story of excavation, the beginning of the formation of the archeology field For Napoleon himself and his regime, we know that the classical period was a source of inspiration and ideology, and he gained legitimacy with it and was connected to ancient Rome, and he personally loved the glory of the empire , and that it was really important for the regime and his government, then artists, intellectuals, poets and This drew their attention to it, both as a window to the past and as an event that is happening on that day, they are digging and going to find out what was under it . Did it not erupt again? Is it over after that? And the answer is, why did it erupt? This is the list of years that things came out of this volcano again. It was at the beginning of the 20th century , that is, 110 years, 120 years ago, the year of our constitutional revolution in 1906. It erupted once, killing hundreds, and later it happened during World War II. It erupted when the Americans were there and had forces and had a base and so on. Of course , the evacuation of the area and its destruction was not enough . It has had such a history for the past few thousand years and it is still active, but still not only in the Bay of Naples area , but even on the slopes of the same mountain, go to one of the villages built right now, there are people living there who at first glance might think, wow, people. Thoughtlessness because no matter how many benefits it has, it is not worth the risk, and this , but these people think it is worth it, in the end, everything is monitored and controlled, and after that, the human being will get used to the conditions he is in. Well, these people who live in Naples. They see this mountain in front of their eyes every day, they think about it, and of course , it leaves a mark on the spirit and culture of their city and region. We realized in these excavations that it was not the first volcano . It's not 2000 years ago, it's prehistoric, it's 2000 before that , that is, we are now learning that not the victims of this deadliest and most famous volcano in Europe in 2000, but 1800 years before that, 4000 years ago, how did they live in a village of 4000 What was it like a year ago? They are coming out of the excavations of Pompeii. This story is very interesting to me, because we want to read history, usually our way is to go and see what the previous ones said, what they wrote about the history of the 19th century. He wrote it or analyzed it, added other people's words, completed it, and explained it. We understand the historical narrative by defining it, either by defining it with text, or with painting, or now later with photos, movies, with these things, but from ancient Rome, which We don't have these things, and in order to understand how ancient Rome was, there is nothing like Pompeii anywhere, the story of these people, their lives, houses, cities, and streets, we probably wouldn't have been able to go to them in history if this disaster had not happened to them. Being a history in a city far from the center, which now, due to the tragedy that happened to them, we are paying attention to them like this, their city and their house, and we look at it like a kind of time capsule, not just 2000 years ago and the history of that place and that area. And that culture is showing up to that moment in front of our eyes, because the moment of death is not only for that time, everything that was before that is gathered in it, and it is showing us, and it is important for us because it is so good that even a little bit remains. It's funny that we are saying that the city that was destroyed earlier than all the Roman cities and that was destroyed more catastrophically and that was destroyed worse, we are saying that it is the one that has remained the best and because it has remained the best, that is why we are going and seeing it as a Roman city and of course to The title of a Mediterranean multicultural city which we can see today in movies and series, the most famous of all, probably you have seen the movie of Pink Floyd's performance in Pompeii. Of course, they didn't have this , but David Gilmore later had a concert with an audience there in the Pompeii amphitheater, Elton John had a concert here in the Colosseum as well. There was a concert earlier and people who could see such a performance in the amphitheater were really happy. This is really a way to immortalize Pompeii in works of art. It is an old painting that shows the paintings of recent centuries. We are finally showing what it looked like after the volcano, especially from the 17th-18th century onwards, artists were traveling in Europe and in Italy, and now they have a wider view of Pompeii, interesting paintings of Vesuvius, in fact, interesting paintings, some of them are dramatic scenes of the eruption. And the chaos and these show some paintings of the Bay of Naples with the volcano in the background in the modern era, the most famous work is perhaps Andy Warhol's painting , which now has these different phases of the volcano, as if they show each one in the same color, until today, every year. Hundreds of thousands of people go to see the remains of this ancient city, some go just because it is famous, because they hear its name, some are influenced by the greatness of nature and the destructive power of nature, they go for it, some go for the traces of Rome and the civilization of 20 centuries ago, some go for other things , and none The most interesting thing for me is that 2000 years ago, people were building a city here and living in a city, while they knew that there were problems here, they knew that the divan under them was chained and the land was moaning and grabbing, but building and living was what happened. And they and their city were all buried together, just as they were buried 2000 years before them, and today 2000 years after them, we not only go to the ruins and the burial place where those who witnessed the disaster and those brutally dead were killed, we walk, eat ice cream and take wedding photos. We take and these , but we walk to the edge of the crater of the volcano, in the eyes of these sleeping demons, we are under the mountain . To maintain this excitement to dance on the edge of the volcano