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Review of Psychological Disorders: Practice Problems
May 28, 2024
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Review of Psychological Disorders: Practice Problems
Problem 1: Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Key Concept
: Schizophrenia has positive and negative symptoms.
Positive symptoms
: Add to behavior (e.g., delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech/behavior).
Negative symptoms
: Loss of normal behavior (e.g., disturbance of affect, avolition).
Question
: Identify a negative symptom.
Correct Answer
: C (example of negative symptom is disturbance of affect, avolition).
Other Options
: Auditory hallucinations, disorganized behavior, delusions (all positive symptoms).
Problem 2: Echolalia
Question
: Patient repeats what psychiatrist says. What is this phenomenon called?
Correct Answer
: A (Echolalia - involuntary repetition of others' words).
Definitions
:
Echopraxia
: Imitation of others' actions.
Loosening of associations
: Disordered thought, moving between remotely related ideas.
Neologisms
: Newly invented words.
Problem 3: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
Question
: Patient is extremely neat and fights with co-workers. What's the diagnosis?
Correct Answer
: A (Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder).
Definitions
:
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
: Obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive tasks).
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
: Perfectionism, inflexibility, preoccupation with rules.
Other Disorders
:
Antisocial
: Disregard for others' rights.
Narcissistic
: Grandiosity, need for admiration.
Borderline
: Instability in relationships, mood, self-image.
Problem 4: Major Depressive Episode
Key Concepts
: Major depressive episode must last at least 2 weeks with 5/9 cardinal symptoms.
Question
: What is true regarding episodic depression?
Correct Answer
: C (may involve a decrease in sleep).
Eliminations
:
A (duration must be at least 2 weeks).
B (suicidal thoughts are not mandatory).
D (doesn’t always involve feelings of sadness).
Problem 5: Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Question
: Patient avoids social interactions due to believing they are ugly. What's the diagnosis?
Correct Answer
: C (Body Dysmorphic Disorder).
Other Disorders
: Schizophrenia, OCD, Schizoid Personality Disorder.
Problem 6: Dissociative Amnesia with Dissociative Fugue
Question
: Woman can't remember anything about her life, name 'Phoenix' seems familiar. Diagnosis?
Correct Answer
: D (Dissociative Amnesia with Dissociative Fugue).
Definitions
:
Dissociative Amnesia
: Inability to recall past experiences.
Dissociative Fugue
: Sudden change in location.
Other Disorders
: Depersonalization/Derealization, Somatic Symptom Disorder.
Problem 7: Agoraphobia and Panic Disorder
Question
: Agoraphobia is most associated with which psychiatric diagnosis?
Correct Answer
: D (Panic Disorder).
Definitions
:
Agoraphobia
: Fear of places where escape is difficult.
Panic Disorder
: Recurrent panic attacks.
Problem 8: Illness Anxiety Disorder
Question
: Patient frequently worried about having cancer despite negative tests. Diagnosis?
Correct Answer
: B (Illness Anxiety Disorder).
Definitions
:
Illness Anxiety Disorder
: Preoccupation with having a serious illness.
Other Disorders
: MDD, Conversion Disorder, Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
Problems 9 & 10: Major Depressive vs. Bipolar Disorder
Confirmed Symptoms
: Appetite disturbance, weight change, low energy, worthlessness, guilt.
Problem 9
: Which two disorders?
Correct Answer
: A (Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder).
Problem 10
: Key distinguishing question?
Correct Answer
: B (Ask if patient has had a manic episode).
Problem 11: Panic Disorder
Question
: Teen exhibits fear without stimulus. Diagnosis?
Correct Answer
: D (Panic Disorder).
Definitions
:
Panic Disorder
: Intense fear without clear stimulus.
Problem 12: Borderline Personality Disorder
Question
: Splitting is a defense mechanism for which personality disorder?
Correct Answer
: B (Borderline Personality Disorder).
Definitions
:
Splitting
: Seeing others as all good or all bad.
Problem 13: Conversion Disorder
Question
: Woman has arm paralysis with no neurological cause, seems unconcerned. Diagnosis?
Correct Answer
: A (Conversion Disorder).
Definitions
:
Conversion Disorder
: Motor or sensory symptoms with no physical cause, linked to psychological conflict.
Problem 14: Parkinson's Disease
Question
: Symptoms showing pill-rolling tremor, shuffling gait. Which neurotransmitter is low?
Correct Answer
: C (Dopamine).
Definitions
: Parkinson's disease characterized by decreased dopamine.
Problem 15: Bipolar Disorders
Question
: True statements about bipolar disorder.
Correct Answer
: B (Increased levels of serotonin and norepinephrine are true).
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