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Key Terms in Plant Pathology
Aug 26, 2024
Terms and Concepts in Plant Pathology
Overview
Objective: Explain different terms and concepts in plant pathology.
Importance of examining fruits and vegetables before purchasing to avoid damaged goods.
Damage to fruits and vegetables can be due to diseases caused by biotic or abiotic agents.
Key Definitions
Plant Disease
: Abnormality in a plant's structure/function due to irritation from pathogenic agents or environmental factors.
Dis
+
Ease
= Uneasiness.
Types of Diseases
Infectious Diseases
: Caused by pathogenic organisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc.) that can spread from diseased to healthy plants.
Non-infectious Diseases
: Caused by abiotic factors (e.g., environmental conditions) but not pathogens.
Disorders
Abnormalities in plants due to abiotic factors (e.g., nutrient deficiency, adverse conditions).
Pathogens and Disease Agents
Pathogen
: Organism causing disease in a host.
Causal Agent
: Biotic or abiotic factor that incites disease/injury.
Causal Organism
: A biotic pathogen.
Virulent Pathogen
: Capable of causing disease.
Avirulent Pathogen
: Variant that does not cause severe disease.
Pathogenicity and Pathogenesis
Pathogenicity
: Capability of a pathogen to cause disease.
Pathogenesis
: Series of events from pathogen contact to symptom appearance.
Host Concepts
Host
: Plant invaded by a parasite.
Resistance
: Host's ability to overcome a pathogen.
Tolerance
: Host's ability to sustain disease effects without significant injury.
Susceptibility
: Inability to resist pathogen attack.
Hypersensitivity
: Excessive sensitivity leading to localized cell death.
Signs and Symptoms
Signs
: Physical evidence of the causal factor (e.g., spores, chemical residues).
Symptoms
: Visible responses of a plant to factors resulting in abnormalities (e.g., wilting, rot).
Syndrome
: Totality of effects from one disease in a host.
Infection Terms
Inoculum
: Pathogen parts causing infection.
Propagules
: Structures that can propagate the organism.
Primary Inoculum
: Initiates first infection.
Secondary Inoculum
: Produced by primary infection.
Infection
: Establishment of a parasite on or within a host.
Primary Infection
: First infection of a plant by a pathogen.
Secondary Infection
: Caused by inoculum from primary infection.
Life Cycle and Disease Cycle
Life Cycle of Infectious Disease
: Sequence of events between appearance and reappearance of the pathogen.
Disease Cycle
: Chain of events in disease development.
Disease Transmission
Pathogens transmitted by biotic (e.g., insects) and abiotic factors.
Vectors
: Agents that carry and transmit pathogens.
Conditions for Disease Occurrence
Susceptible Host Plant
: Must be at a susceptible developmental stage.
Active Pathogen
: Must be in a conducive stage to infect.
Suitable Environment
: Conditions must be fitting for disease.
Disease Triangle
Represents the interaction of host, pathogen, and environment.
Breakage in any leg of the triangle hinders disease occurrence.
Disease Control Strategies
Avoidance
: Grow plants when pathogens are inactive.
Exclusion
: Prevent pathogen entry.
Eradication
: Eliminate established pathogens.
Protection
: Modify environment or use chemicals to protect plants.
Summary
Understanding plant pathology terminologies is essential for effective research and disease control.
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