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Guide to Naming Acids

Oct 5, 2024

Naming Acids Lecture Notes

Introduction to Naming Acids

  • Focus on naming acids, particularly those with polyatomic and monoatomic ions.

Rules for Naming Acids

  1. Polyatomic Ions Ending in "ate"
    • Replace "ate" with "ic" and add the word "acid".
  2. Polyatomic Ions Ending in "ite"
    • Replace "ite" with "ous" and add the word "acid".
  3. Monoatomic Ions Ending in "ide"
    • Add the prefix "hydro-" and suffix "ic" along with the element name.

Examples

H₂SO₄

  • Contains polyatomic ion sulfate.
  • Naming: Replace "ate" with "ic".
  • Result: Sulfuric Acid.

H₂SO₃

  • Contains polyatomic ion sulfite.
  • Naming: Replace "ite" with "ous".
  • Result: Sulfurous Acid.

H₂S

  • Contains monoatomic ion sulfide.
  • Naming: Add prefix "hydro-" and suffix "ic".
  • Result: Hydrosulfuric Acid.

HClO₄

  • Contains polyatomic ion perchlorate.
  • Naming: Replace "ate" with "ic".
  • Result: Perchloric Acid.

HClO

  • Contains polyatomic ion hypochlorite.
  • Naming: Replace "ite" with "ous".
  • Result: Hypochlorous Acid.

HCl

  • Contains monoatomic ion chloride.
  • Naming: Add prefix "hydro-" and suffix "ic".
  • Result: Hydrochloric Acid.

HNO₃

  • Contains polyatomic ion nitrate.
  • Naming: Replace "ate" with "ic".
  • Result: Nitric Acid.

HNO₂

  • Contains polyatomic ion nitrite.
  • Naming: Replace "ite" with "ous".
  • Result: Nitrous Acid.

HI

  • Contains monoatomic ion iodide.
  • Naming: Add prefix "hydro-" and suffix "ic".
  • Result: Hydroiodic Acid.

HC₂H₃O₂

  • Contains polyatomic ion acetate.
  • Naming: Replace "ate" with "ic".
  • Result: Acetic Acid.

Writing Formulas from Acid Names

Phosphoric Acid

  • Associated polyatomic ion: phosphate (PO₄³⁻).
  • Formula: H₃PO₄.

Phosphorus Acid

  • Associated polyatomic ion: phosphite (PO₃³⁻).
  • Formula: H₃PO₃.

Carbonic Acid

  • Associated polyatomic ion: carbonate (CO₃²⁻).
  • Formula: H₂CO₃.

Hydrobromic Acid

  • Monoatomic ion: bromide (Br⁻).
  • Formula: HBr.

Hydrocyanic Acid

  • Contains polyatomic ion cyanide (CN⁻).
  • Formula: HCN.

Conclusion

  • Understanding the rules for naming acids is crucial for identifying their corresponding formulas and vice versa.

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