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Understanding Facial Muscles and Expressions
Sep 10, 2024
Facial Muscles and Expressions
Overview
Muscles Function
: Muscles primarily contract and shorten, generally moving bones, but in the face, they often move skin.
Facial Muscles
: Used for speech, ingestion, emotional expression, and symbolic gestures.
Evolution and Research
Darwin
: Facial expressions as residual actions of complete behavioral responses.
Sylvan Tompkins
: Emotion as the basis of human motivation, rooted in facial expressions.
Ekman
: Universality of facial expressions, proven with studies in New Guinea.
Emotional Feedback
Botox Experiment
: Paralyzing frown muscles can affect anger emotions, showing that expressions influence internal feelings.
Universal Facial Expressions
Disgust
: Wrinkling of the nose, exposure of canine teeth—like a dog snarling.
Anger
: Furrowed brow, raised nostrils, widened eyes, sometimes exposed teeth.
Happiness
: Two types of smiles:
Polite (corners of the mouth raised).
True (eye sockets contracted).
Surprise vs. Fear
:
Both involve raised eyebrows and eyelids.
Surprise: Jaw drops.
Fear: Mouth stretches horizontally.
Sadness
: Inner eyebrow raised, corners of mouth pulled down.
Contempt
: Asymmetric smirk, showing superiority, often a negative indicator.
Muscle Anatomy and Function
Origin and Insertion
: Terms for where a muscle starts and ends, often bone-related but sometimes involving skin.
Action
: Muscle contraction results in movement.
Innervation
: Most facial muscles are innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII).
Facial Muscles Specifics
Frontalis Muscle
: Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead; located at the front of the head attached to skin of eyebrows and nose.
Corrugator Supercilii Muscle
: Lowers brows, causing vertical forehead wrinkles; involved in frowning and sun glare prevention.
Orbicularis Oculi Muscle
: Surrounds the eye; responsible for closing eyelids and creating crow's feet.
Practical Applications
Trigger Points
: Areas in muscles like the frontalis where pressure can relieve tension-related pain.
Botox Use
: Can be used for aesthetic and therapeutic reasons (e.g., migraines), affecting muscle activity.
Key Takeaways
Facial muscles play a critical role in communication and emotional expression.
Understanding muscle anatomy aids in medical and cosmetic fields.
Emotional expressions have both external and internal impacts on individuals.
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