A cantata is a short composition featuring several movements.
It tells a story, often based on elements from the Bible or mythology in secular cantatas.
The term "cantata" derives from the Italian word 'cantare', meaning 'to sing'.
Structure of a Cantata
Typically includes two main forms of composition:
Aria: A melody or 'air'; reflective and thoughtful, focusing on one aspect of the story.
Recitative: More explicit storytelling, resembling spoken text but with a melodic form. The bass department supports with simple chords, providing direct action.
Bach and Cantatas
Johann Sebastian Bach was tasked with composing a cantata for each Sunday service while working in Leipzig.
Prolific Output: Bach's surviving cantatas demonstrate his prolific nature and hard-working spirit.
Composition Process
Each cantata was a new composition requiring:
New parts to be composed and written out.
Rehearsal of choristers.
Assembly of instrumentalists.
Significance
The sheer volume and quality of Bach's cantatas represent an incredible achievement.
Reflects not only Bach's musical genius but also the significant effort involved in producing these compositions weekly.