Tourism often described as the movement of people away from home to other places of interest and it is known as one of the largest industries in the world. The emergence of tourism as a major industry is one of the most remarkable changes that have taken place in the global economic activities. Worldwide, tourism industry is in the third place in terms of economic contribution. Tourism is a multifaceted industry, fragmented industry that compasses many industries under its broad umbrella. Among them, transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, tourism attraction, recreation and adventure, mice, travel trade and travel related services.
The actual movement of travellers is usually categorised as air, water, road and rail. Transport is acknowledged as one of the most significant factors in contributing to the international development of tourism. It provides the essential link between the tourism origin and the destination areas.
It also helps to facilitate the movement of travellers either for leisure or business. There are a number of different types of transport modes. One is air to water. 3. Road 4. Rail One of the most important transportation modes in tourism is air travel. Air travel has made significant change in the people who are concerned of time distance.
Two common types of water transport are cruise, ships and ferry services. What is cruise? A cruise is a vacation trip by ship. It offers the passengers a chance to relax in comfortable surroundings. With sedentary service, good food and a liner that changes the scenery from time to time.
Cruise ships are basically self-contained destinations where guests rest, eat, entertain and travel. Cruises are voyages taken mostly for pleasure. Most cruises start and end at the same port. Ferry service is a short distance. sea journey between ports.
Both the local commuters as well as tourists use this mode of transport. Travelling by road is the most flexible and economical form of mass transportation. Modern motorway networks have made major cities easily accessible. There are two types of road transportation. One is coach services and two is car services.
Service is a software important for tour and sightseeing operations whereas shuttle buses for airport transfers. Of course, car travelers have greater freedom in choosing their routes, destination and timing of their journey. Some common choices are private cars for rental and taxis. The railroad is important because of it is cheap, safe and comfortable.
Examples include Orient Express in Europe, Transalp Siberian Railway and Shinkansen of Japan. As an example of rail transport underground, train services in most urban cities apart express train service and scenic rails. Accommodation is the temporary home for travelers where they sleep, store their luggage, relax and eat.
It ranges from simple standard starting places to deluxe suits for eating, entertainment and resting. The accommodation industry is made are of hotel or motels, resort hotels, campground or tents, hostels, guest houses, apartments, villas, chalets, caravan and cruise ships. Hotels are classified in various ways.
One of the most common ways is by location such as resort, city centre, airport, suburb or highway. The other way around. way of classification is rating.
For example, 5 star, 4 star, 3 star, 2 star hotels. Other types of hotels are residential hotels, resort hotels, airport hotels, economy hotel and casino hotel. In tourism and hospitality sector, food and beverage service is the food flow, meaning food purchase to the service to the customer. It is mainly concerned with delivery and presentations of the food to customer after completion of the food production.
Food and beverage operations can be divided into two, commercial site and on-site facility. Commercial site, for example, full-service restaurant like fine dining, limited services facilities or known as a fast food and offering speedy services for example like KFC and Magday, special restaurant for example Tim or ethnic restaurant. Other than that, pasar malam and street hawker are also among of the food and beverage providers.
For on-site facility, for example primary or secondary school, college and university, airlines and airports, and convenience stores. In tourism sector, attraction offers tourists something that they would like to see. Tourists may have attracted to a particular place because of the unique features and facilities that brings enjoyment. For example, the natural setup of the places or man-made structure.
Attractions can be classified by natural attractions, for example, flora and fauna, landscape, sea scape and waterfall. Cultural attraction or man-made attraction, for example, food, historical sites and monuments. Events or man-made attractions, for example, mega events, comedy events and festivals.
Recreation or man-made attraction, for example, bungee jumping, golfing and swimming. Entertainment or man-made attraction, for example, theme park. casinos, amusement and cinema.
Recreation is the sector that provides fun, relaxation, excitement, social interaction and challenges. Whilst adventure offers some various outdoor activities for tourists and may cause a risk which must overcome by the participant. For the recreation, it offers two types of activities. Commercial recreation that requires guests to pay for fee for instance water park, zoo or any family entertainment centres that offer recreational activities. And second, public recreation.
It is free or paid recreation that takes place on state and federal lands in city, state or national parks, for example, monuments, seashores and historic monuments. site included. Meanwhile, adventure is a form of travel which the perceptions of heightened risk creates a special appeal to certain segments of the travel market. It is involved in the explorations of remote areas or in a forest or exotic hostile areas or mountain.
The activities available includes cultural exchange and physical engagement. Examples of adventure tourism are disaster tourism, which is the curiosity in the region that has recently affected by nature disaster. Tourism jungle, which is explore the jungle area of the earth, also known as ecotourism.
Accessible tourism, which is special design for the physically disabled. And also, the nature of the nature of the earth. Tourism which is to explore the culture and behaviour of local population in foreign countries. Urban Tourism which is known as urban carving or building hacking. Last but not least, ...overland tourism, which is a long journey across many countries and oceans.
Now, we continue with MICE. The term M for meetings, I for incentive, C for convention, and E for exhibition. MICE represents a sector of tourism...
which includes business events and activities. Travellers who are attending MICE activities have a purpose beyond leisure tourism and are in fact business travellers. These business travellers are connected to different sectors of the tourism and hospitality industry through their MICE activity. In general, MICE events are events and activities that involve attendees who share a common interest and gather in a place. Meetings brings people together in one place for the purpose of sharing information, discussing, solving problems and make decisions.
Attendees can raise range from few numbers and up to 2,000 of people. Incentive travel is a management tool for rewarding and motivating sales representatives, dealers, distributors, production workers, support staff and in some cases, the customer. For example, company trip and annual dinner.
Convention are gathering of people with common objectives, Organized to exchange ideas and information of common interest to the groups. For example, MEC stands for Malaysian Entrepreneur Convention. Conventions are also known as conferences or congresses. Because conventions are usually held by an association, they can be organized into different levels, international, national or regional.
And lastly, exhibitions are activities organized to show new products, services and information to people who have an interest in them, such as potential customers or buyers. The company showing their new product while the exhibitor typically rent an area from the organizer and set up a booth to meet with potential customers. potential buyer, for example, Mata Fair. The event visitor or attendee need an invitation or a ticket to be allowed into the exhibition. However, most of the time they just need to register without any fee.
Next, we continue with Travel Trade. For your information, this sector supports the bookings and sales in the other sectors. Normally, people that work in the travel trade make reservations for accommodation, tours, transportation, food and beverage and attractions.
There are two sub-categories in the travel sector which are first, is the retail arm of the industry which is made up of travel agencies. Second, is the wholesale side which is made up of two operators who sell to travel agencies. Travel agencies have the expertise in advising clients about travel and in making the necessary arrangements to meet the client's needs.
Thus, they are also expert and knowledgeable in schedule, routing, lodging, currency, prices regulation, destination and other aspects of travel. Tour Operator is a wholesaler that specializes in packaging tours and itineraries. Wholesalers can offer vacation packages to the travelling public at prices lower than an individual traveller can arrange because the services are bought in larger quantities at discounted prices. The tour operator business consists primarily of planning, preparing and marketing a vacation tour, including making reservations and consolidating transportation and ground services into a tour summary. for a departure date to a specific destination.
Tools are then sold to the public through retail outlets such as travel agents and airline ticketing offices. Tourists need facilities and services from the moment they begin to plan holiday until the time they get back. Here are some facilities and services, for example, travel insurance, currency exchange offices, credit cards, retail shops, travel publications, internet solution provider, car hire services, kosher and car parks, qualified guides and tourist information center or TIC.
Our country is also famous with seaside activity. Snookerling and scuba diving are provided by the local community to tourists who love nature and adventure. Thank