Lecture Notes: Freud's Psychosexual Theory of Development

Overview

• Freud proposed that childhood psychological development occurs in fixed stages known as psychosexual stages.
• Central to his theory are concepts of tension and pleasure, linked to libido, a natural energy source.
• Fixation of libido during these stages can have lasting effects on personality and behavior.
• The theory emphasizes the crucial impact of the first five years of life on adult personality.

Key Concepts

• Libido: Energy source driving mind's mechanisms.
• Fixation: Stuck libidinal energy affecting personality.

Stages of Development

• Mnemonic: Old Age Parrots Love Grapes
  • Oral
  • Anal
  • Phallic
  • Latent
  • Genital

1. Oral Stage (0-1 years)

• Focus: Mouth
• Major Development: Feeding
• Conflict: Weaning process
  • Fixation leads to dependency or aggression.
• Adult Fixation Examples: Smoking, nail-biting, overeating.

2. Anal Stage (1-3 years)

• Focus: Anus
• Major Development: Toilet training
• Conflict: Control of bodily needs
  • Praise leads to positive outcomes (competence, creativity).
  • Fixation results in orderliness or messiness.

3. Phallic Stage (3-6 years)

• Focus: Genitals
• Major Development: Oedipus and Electra Complexes
  • Resolution through identification with same-sex parents.
  • Fixation may lead to sexual dysfunction.

4. Latent Period (6-12 years)

• Focus: No specific area; libido directed to intellectual/social pursuits.
• Major Development: Social and communication skills, skill development
• Fixation: No specific adult fixation.

5. Genital Stage (12+ years)

• Focus: Genitals
• Major Development: Sexual maturity and interests
• Adult Fixation: Successful stage completion leads to a warm and balanced personality.

Conclusion

• Successful navigation of all stages results in a well-balanced and mentally healthy adult.
• Freud's theory highlights the importance of early childhood experiences in shaping adult personality.