Simple Nursing Lecture with Nurse Mike

Introduction

• Access free quiz and study guides from Simple Nursing.
• Focus on managing cardiac issues to increase cardiac output and oxygenation.

Main Patient Outcome Goal

• Primary goal is to increase cardiac output to improve oxygen delivery.

Key Cardiac Drugs (ABCD)

A: ACE Inhibitors

• End in "-pril" (e.g., Lisinopril).
• Function: Lower blood pressure by reducing strain on the heart.
• Mnemonic: "A" for anti-hypertensives, "-pril" is like a "chill pill" for the heart.

B: Beta Blockers

• Function: Block beats by slowing down the heart rate ("pumping the brakes").
• Mnemonic: Beta Blockers block the Beats.

C: Calcium Channel Blockers

• Famous ones end in "-dipine" (e.g., Amlodipine) or "-zem" (e.g., Diltiazem).
• Function: Calm the heart and blood vessels, aiding in blood pressure reduction.
• Mnemonic: "C" for calming; "-dipine" leads to blood pressure decline, "-zem" is like Zen yoga.

D: Digoxin

• Type: Cardiac glycoside.
• Function: Increases contractility (deeper contraction) and slows heart rate (negative chronotropic effect).
• Mnemonics:
  • "D" for deeper contraction or "dig for deeper contraction".
  • Test Priorities:
    1. Check apical pulse for 60 seconds before administration.
    2. Monitor potassium levels (3.5-5.5 mEq/L is normal).
    3. Watch for digoxin toxicity (levels >2.0) and vision changes.
  • Hold medication and report if:
    • Apical pulse <60 bpm.
    • Potassium <3.5 mEq/L.
    • Toxicity signs.

D: Diuretics

• Examples: Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide.
• Function: Dehydrate (diores) the body, reducing blood pressure.
• Mnemonic: "-ide" for dry body.
• Potassium-wasting: Encourage patient to eat potassium-rich foods (green leafy vegetables, melons, bananas).

Surgical Option

• Surgery such as LVAD is considered if drugs are insufficient.

Closing

• Acknowledge the Simple Nursing team.
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