Nutrition and Digestion

[Music] [Music] hi everyone good evening welcome to sixth seventh and eighth channel of vaijuz all of you are the champions hi everyone i'm your teacher ankita good evening i can see ravi i can see dilip kumar there's ayush also good evening everyone how are you all good good to see all of you here can we have the chat movie so everyone tell me how are you awesome i'm sure you must be thinking right where is it yes right yawn sure awesome so what do you think where mam is i just came to say hi yes come on come on tell me where do you think mam is yes okay so we should call mama right okay you only can start calling ma'am in the chat and of course man will appear like a magic awesome so let's call mom right mom can you please come hi everyone good afternoon i mean good evening so angita mama and i were together she has a class at six o'clock so we were just sitting and i was like why not why not meet everyone so i think the chat on screen for ranking is a little frozen that's why she could not read the comments but all of them were you know talking to you about it and they were asking they were actually replying to you yes i'm really sorry i just yeah yeah that happens right when we are planning to give you a surprise surprise happens to us yeah that's what exactly happened i'm good thank you for asking i hope that you all of you are good thank you so much thank you yes all right i am wearing the baiju's t-shirt they are all very curious so yes everyone will get started thank you see you around yes all right everyone welcome to yet another amazing class on baito 678 this is part of our mission midterms where it's going to be the one shot session for nutrition in animals right so now of course we know that this particular chapter we've dealt with at it in great detail and now we'll do the one shot so i have a small request for all of you please make sure that you have a notebook and pen in your hand if not please have your textbook with you with a pencil right so that you can make a note of all the important pointers that we are going to be discussing yes all right everyone good evening i can see sonia yogesh uh amritan she's here anita tanishka sonia anik yes good evening ankita mam has gone because of because it's a one shot right so she will be back sometime very soon yes all right everybody so please bear with me i'm checking the chat on my phone as on my screen it's a it's frozen at the moment so we're just getting that resolved at this point okay all right very good everyone very good do you all have your notebooks and pen ready with you can you give me a thumbs up on the chat yes of course i know all of you right hi chirag yes do you all have your notebooks and pen or if not have your textbooks with you right i always tell you just have your textbooks it'll be good yes we are ready to go that is amazing now of course i can see 19 of you are here on the live class but very quickly i would request you to tell your friends as well to come and be a part of today's class because i do understand that you know this particular chapter nutrition in animals is extremely important now it's part of our mission midterms which is a plan that we have for 45 days where we are going to help you out with your exam preparation right so of course as part of the one-shot session that we have we'll have doubt solving classes and exam strategy sessions we'll be doing classes on exam focused questions right so we'll be doing some important questions as well we'll be sharing the pdfs with you and if some pdfs have gone missing from our end you tell us that mom this pdf you've not sent you send it to us right now yes and we'll be doing mock tests very soon hello priya yes no problem but please do come back and watch the video yes will you be able to do that all right everyone so before we get started i hope my audio my video and my screen and what i'm posting on the screen is clear to all of you yes all right everybody icse sessions please yes um aniri please just put it on the chat right yes all good to go so now of course in this particular session right so we started off with understanding about the different steps of nutrition that are there because nutrition in animals comes from understanding nutrition and what are the steps of nutrition now one thing i would like to tell all my lovely students is that what we're going to do is we will be doing one portion right and then we will have the doubts yes so it is important that you understand that in between i may not be able to cater to your doubts because i'll be teaching and i'll be going in the flow of it but when we have the doubt section i would like you to ask me all your doubts right so just please be patient you can write down all your doubts right you can write it down in a sheet of paper and you can ask it to me as and when we have a doubt part yes so now of course when we talk about nutrition we know that nutrition is nothing but the mode of intake of food and its utilization right so this is how we would define nutrition and we know that in animals of course we have two kinds right we have of course a autotrophic mode of nutrition and we have heterotrophic mode of nutrition now in heterotrophic mode of nutrition we know that we're dependent on other organisms for food and in animals and in humans we see that there are five steps right so we see that there is ingestion digestion absorption assimilation and ejection now ingestion is nothing but the process of taking in food into the body right while digestion is the breakdown of complex food substances into simple soluble forms while absorption is a process of taking or absorbing it into the blood right while assimilation is the utilization of all of these nutrients and last but not the least ejection is the process of removal of undigested waste yes so a simple way yes very good abhishek in delhi all army eat you can keep this simple mnemonic to remember the five steps of nutrition right so now of course this is what we understand now when we talk about ingestion we know that it is a process by which we take in food inside the body now of course in humans we know that we you know eat the food through our mouth and of course we bite into it or you know we chew the food whatever but basically the thing that you need to focus on is we bite the food right or we tear into the food but if you see in other animals we will observe various modes of ingestion so in some cases like in animals we observe scraping where we see that they will scrape the food so imagine if this is their mouth right can you make me a little bit on screen so that maybe they'll be able to see yes so if you see here we can see that when it's scraping it will scrape the food and it will put it inside his mouth while chewing that is there is when we grind and chew the food using the teeth like in our case so we chew our food now sucking is something we observe in bees where they suck so imagine if there's a straw right their mouth is like a straw and they will suck the food right so because they mainly feed on nectar then you have something known as siphoning now siphoning mainly has to do with how their mouth is right so you see that they'll have a quick suction force that is there then of course we have swallowing wherein we see that they will swallow the whole organism they will not bite into it or tear into it right we see that they will completely take in the organism like how we will see in snakes while in eagles if you see what they do is they will snatch their prey right so we see that they capture the food and then they eat it which is what we call as capturing and last but not the least we have sponging so sponging is when we see in house flights where they secrete their saliva outside the body they make it soft and then they will suck it back inside so these are different ways so it's good to know what is what right so in this case if you see what you need to do or what you need to know is that there's not just chewing and swallowing right all you need to do is to understand that there are various ways or various modes at which they will ingest the food yes you can increase my size on the screen right okay so this is something about ingestion now the main part that we need to focus on is digestion and this definition is extremely important right so what do we mean by digestion make a note of it in your book or write it down underline it wherever digestion can be defined as the process by which complex substances present in the food is broken down into simple absorbable forms right or simple substances and this process of breakdown of food is what we call as digestion and we see that in the human body the human digestive system facilitates this process now of course we know that the human digestive system has two parts you have the elementary canal or what we call as the digestive tract and we have the digestive glands or the accessory glands right so so far are we clear everybody what are complex substances yes so let me tell you we know that in the food that we eat right so food that we eat consists of various nutrients yes so these nutrients will include your carbohydrates right you have your proteins and you have your fats they are your main macronutrients that are there now if you look at carbohydrates if you see right if you see here this is let's assume this is starch yes now starch is made up of many many such structures they're all put together and they form this structure we call it as start but our body cannot utilize it if it is like this but instead it will only be able to utilize it if it is in individual units which is why digestion is necessary are we clear with this concept of complex and simple substances yes can we scroll down in the chat yes all right tia i will tell you what are glands right in just a bit yes glands are nothing but structures which secrete certain substances yes very quickly everybody give me a thumbs up in the chat to know that we are good to go yes very good you have not understood which part can you tell me shubhan vito which part have you not understood no problem it's okay we're just getting started right yes glands are structures which secrete certain important substances very good good to go so for those of you who have not understood any part you just hold on to it when we reach a doubt board again i will what is digestion okay digestion is nothing but a process where in complex substances right so if you see here food that we eat has nutrients right so these nutrients are carbohydrates proteins and fats yes we know they're very important to our body now they exist in this complex structure so you imagine it's like a big house yes but what we need for our body is a brick right all these bricks will come together and make the house but what we need to do is to deconstruct that house so that we get each of those bricks that is effectively what is digestion when we say break down into complex substances into simple soluble forms which means which we can absorb into the body accessory glands means that they will pour their secretion they're not directly part of the elementary canal but they have these structures which will pour their secretions yes all right everyone very good crystal clear that is amazing now what we're going to do is to quickly have a look at the digestive system now see when we are going to do human um starch sucrose yes starch and sucrose are complex forms right they are complex forms of carbohydrates yes so now of course one thing that i'm going to tell you right now is that when we do human digestive system there are going to be multiple doubts i would like you to please be patient with me because it will take i will do it in continue continuity so i'll explain it continuously from end to end and then i will take up your doubts okay so in between if i miss out on doubts it's not because of anything i just want your time 10 minutes i want you to focus on what i'm teaching and then you can ask me your doubts yes so let's get started with a human digestive system which is extremely important right so if you see the human digestive system it starts with the mouth now we know that that is where ingestion takes place where we ingest the food right and the mouth will lead into the buccal cavity that includes your teeth saliva and of course the tongue now if you see here teeth help in breaking and crushing the food into smaller particles so food that we eat need to be chewed and crushed which is why we have the teeth with us and in the human body we have four kinds of teeth right so here we see that we have in scissors right we have canines we have premolars and of course last but not the least we have molars now here if you see the incisors that are there they are these chisel shaped so they will look something like this right so they'll be like chisel shape that will help in biting into the food so the role here is to bite and into the food that we have and incisors are the front four teeth that are there in our body now canines that are there are present on either side of the incisors right so on either side we will find canines and the canines here help in tearing into the food yes so they help in tearing the flesh that is there which is why if you see right sometimes in tigers and lions their canines are very prominent you can see them from the outside and they're very pointy right and in totality we have four canines very good now of course we have premolars and molars which are located in the back region that helps in chewing and crushing the food right so it helps with chewing crushing and grinding of the food and once we see that it will get broken down entirely we see that the saliva is also produced now saliva is a watery fluid right so we see that saliva is a watery fluid which is produced by the salivary glands and in our body we have three pairs of salivary glands right and we see that this saliva helps in many ways okay so first and foremost we see that saliva helps in binding all this chewed and crushed food together into a tight form right and along with that the tongue is also there that helps in movement of the food within the mouth and apart from this if you see we see that saliva salivary gland this saliva that is there has an enzyme now for those of you who are asking me what is an enzyme enzyme is nothing but a chemical substance which will facilitate or it will help with the chemical reaction that takes place right so this enzyme that is there in the saliva is known as salivary amylase right so we see that salivary amylase is present in the saliva that will help in breaking down starch into some simpler forms mind you i am saying simpler form and not simplest form right simplest form is the end product of digestion but here we see that only partial digestion is happening important to understand partial means only half digestion is taking place it's not complete yet yes so partial digestion will start in the mouth now what happens we see that you know the tongue will mix the saliva and all of this and finally it will help in swallowing the food yes so we see that our food will get swallowed and we see that through a common opening known as pharynx it will move into the next part which is the esophagus yes so esophagus is nothing but the food pipe which is a pipe like structure and we see that it is made up of certain muscles right so it's made up of it has muscular walls basically now what happens is that as the food goes down from the food you know ease of vegas we see that we have no control really after this right so we have no control over how the food is going to go down through the food pipe yes from now on it is involuntary or it is out of our control and we see that the inner lining the muscles that are there will contract so they'll contract and relax and generate a wave like movement known as peristalsis very good so peristalsis can be defined as the wave like movement that is generated as a result of muscular contraction and relaxation and it is not something we see only in the esophagus but we will see it throughout the elementary canal so once it has gone through the esophagus it will go to the next part which is the stomach now the stomach that you see here is a muscular j shaped organ which produces what it produces something known as gastric juice right so this gastric juice includes many things it has mucus it has hydrochloric acid and some digestive enzymes right now this digestive enzyme that is there if you see is nothing but pepsin now this is some extra information don't get worried right yes so now as you can see here yes thank you for that i'm going to change it mucus all right so now as you can see here in this case right what happens is that the hydrochloric acid that is there yes hydrochloric acid has two functions one of course is to get rid of any harmful substances that may enter along with the food and the other thing is to activate the you know the enzymes that are there in the stomach and of course we know hydrochloric acid being an acid can affect the inner linings of the stomach which is why we see that the mucus that is there will protect the stomach fall from the action of the hydrochloric acid and of course we see that at the end of it we see that protein digestion so write this down it's very important you might get questions as well protein digestion starts in the stomach right and we see that inside the stomach the food will be there for at least four to five hours where it will churn and process the food yes so i hope so far we are clear now from here again i can see a lot of doubts just give me some time i'll finish the whole explanation and i will take your doubts all of your doubts i will answer okay that's my promise and guarantee to you i just need another 10 minutes of your time right so now of course we know that once it is getting processed here it will go on to the next part which is the small intestine and we see that the small intestine that is there has three regions right so it has the duodenum region so i'm going to move it a little more this side so that you can see clearly so small intestine has three parts it has duodenum it has jejunum and it has helium so there are these three parts that are there now what happens is that the duodenum is the initial part right or i will say the first part of the small intestine and it receives the secretions or juices from the accessory glands right so the accessory glands are not directly part of your elementary canal but rather we see that they are you know organ situated in and around the digestive system that have tubes that will pour the secretion right so here we see that liver gall bladder and pancreas are all accessory glands now the liver is the largest gland that is there in the body which secretes bile juice and excess of bile will get stored in the gallbladder and bile here facilitates i am going to write this down bile only helps in the digestion of fats but it does not do digestion of fats right it is not what is responsible for fat digestion it only does a few things wherein it will help in the whole process of digestion so basically what bile does right we see that fat exists in the form of large structures they're very very huge yes and we see that the enzymes or the digestive juices cannot act on fat directly but what this bile will do right by will convert it into some smaller droplets so that these enzymes can act on it so if you see here they are not breaking down the fat they are just reducing its structure to something smaller so that digestion can take place so this is something that you need to understand now apart from this we also know that the pancreas secrete pancreatic stump juice right and we see that this is located behind the stomach yes so we find it located behind the stomach and we know that the pancreas produce pancreatic juice which consists of various enzymes right there are so many enzymes that are there and they'll all act on carbohydrates proteins and fats yes and they will facilitate the digestion but you see complete digestion will only take place as they go further into the small intestine and we know that the small intestine is very long and it is highly coiled it is almost up to seven meters long and it is packed inside the abdominal cavity and we see that complete when you say final digestion it is nothing but complete digestion takes place in the small intestine until here we only see that partial digestion takes place right and we know that in the small intestine especially in the helium region we see that there are various finger like projections that are there so now what do we see digestion has taken place they are into simple absorbable forms right they're all in simple absorbable forms so now it is time for step number three of nutrition that is absorption so for facilitating this problem finger-like projections because they increase surface area of absorption of these digested nutrients and thereby we see that these villi they are richly supplied with blood vessels right now what are blood vessels or blood capillaries they are nothing but thin tubes that transport the blood right so we see that these digested nutrients will move into the bloodstream yes so that then they can be transported to different parts yes all right you are not able to hear you is it i mean am i audible guys am i audible yes everyone am i audible i am audible right no i'm not some of you are saying yes some of you are saying no all right for those of you for whom i am not oh there was a lag for some time is it okay all right all right everyone so i think in between uh you can just refresh your page everybody once so that you don't miss it out earlier it was echoing is it can we check this once it's fine right okay sorry guys i think earlier it echoed the video was shaking okay i think we were facing some issues really sorry it's okay um no issues if you've missed out any part wherein uh is it better now is it echoing because i know my voice being very loud and if it echoes also it might be a little too much for all of you are we good now is it no it's fine right audio is fine no echo now no no it's okay sorry about that guys sorry yes all good yes yes i will send this one no ma'am echoes okay all right so yes like i was saying okay just give me a minute yes so like i was saying right so we have the inner linings which of the small intestine which is made into finger like projections known as villi that help with the absorption so it will move into the bloodstream and then from the blood they will be transported to different parts of the body right and we know that once it reaches different parts of the body they will then get utilized so these nutrients for example carbohydrates we know that we get energy so basically if you see we get the energy right then of course if you see for the large intestine we see that whatever food after our absorption has taken taken place whatever remaining food is there will go to the large intestine and we see that we call it as large intestine because it is wider but it is slightly smaller than the small intestine and of course we see that the primary role yes let's not have any more additional information but the primary role of course is the absorption of water and salts and it of course stores the feces or the undigested food briefly yes and we see that eventually it is removed out through the anus right and injection takes place yes all right i do understand yes so i told you i was actually teaching which is why i didn't see the comments because sometimes when i see doubts right i tend to get a little you know when i see the doubts i i really get distracted where i'm like oh i have to answer that doubt right so this is a whole explanation of digestive systems and i wanted to do it at one go so that you get an understanding otherwise if there's a break in the explanation sometimes we may get a little confused so are we clear anyone what are all the doubts that we have we will sort it out now so there was i think in the beginning itself i told you i would not be checking your comments because i just need 10 minutes of your time in order to make sure that the whole explanation is done we will be having the mentee for this chapter next week okay all right so let me take it one by one so what are accessory glands i'm going to write everything so that later on you can take a picture or you know you can take it from the pdf so accessory glands are nothing but those glands so they are structures which secrete digestive juices right so they secrete digestive juices and pour it into the digestive tract so pour it into the digestive tract and now an important thing to understand here is that they are not part of the elementary canal right so they are not a part of the elementary canal but rather they are located in and around it so that they can pour their juices right yes what is renin so renin again is an enzyme that we find or it is produced in the stomach right and it helps in the digestion of certain milk proteins that are there yes all right now what is absorption absorption is nothing but when we take in the food right so food from the elementary canal is absorbed right or it is taken in what is elementary canal elementary canal is nothing but the continuous tube like structure which starts with the mouth right and it ends in the anus so here your elementary canal is a continuous structure that includes your mouth your esophagus right it includes your stomach then of course you have your small intestine and large intestine and finally anus right so are we clear what are reasons of indigestion now there are multiple reasons as to why indigestion may take place right so we see that one of the reasons why indigestion takes place of course is because sometimes the enzymes in our body is not produced right so sometimes if you see you have lactose intolerance some people can't drink milk or milk based products because an enzyme is not properly produced within their body the one that breaks down all this you know lactose that is there lipase reacts lipase is an enzyme which reacts on fat right so lipase is an enzyme which will act on the fat yes function of salivary glands salivary glands is responsible for producing saliva right so that is what they do let me just write this down all right what is glycerol so glycerol that is there is actually nothing but a chemical structure that is present in fat right so we see that glycerol plus fatty acid so fatty acid is again another chemical substance they come together and they are the ones that make up your fats which is why when we in turn break fats down it gives you fatty acid and glycerol what are amino acids amino acids are the building blocks of proteins so similarly imagine many bricks and they are amino acids when you put all of them together it gives you protein so amino acid is the simplest form of proteins yes what are feces feces are the solid undigested waste that is there right and it is also known as stool where is the library glands located you have in three locations it's there under your ear under your lower jaw and under your tongue yes paracasing is just another enzyme that is there yes mostly in which part so see it's all over there but i have to say mostly i would say helium yes because helium is the largest part of the small intestine that is there length of small intestine around 7.5 right what is ingestion yes ingestion is nothing but the process of let me write this down ingestion is nothing but the process of taking in the food into the body yes whole step of digestion in short so that's how you define digestion right digestion is nothing but the process of breakdown of food into simple soluble forms trypsin is an enzyme which is secreted that is present in the pancreatic juice that helps in the breakdown of proteins again partial digestion right yes heat chapter saurabh sir will take what is food vacuole mahisha i will be telling you in just a bit like we'll discuss when we talk about this where are amino acids present in our body see mainly amino acids are obtained from the food that we eat right the proteins that we eat so amino acids are utilized within the body yes urea is nothing but a kind of nitrogenous waste that is produced inside our body that we remove are remove out of our body through urine right through formation of urine so it is a nitrogenous waste yes what is anus anus is nothing but a small opening through which undigested food is removed out so dilip let us stick to what is there in this chapter because golgi bodies come when we talk about cell structure right so let us focus on what is there in this chapter yes bolus is what is formed in the mouth right so when all the food substances are bound together it is called by mouth what do we mean by partial partial means it is incomplete right so for example if i have a circle and i color only so much i have colored only half the circle right so it is partially colored which means only little bit yes which muscles we call them as smooth muscles right smooth muscles are the ones that trigger the wave like contraction and relaxation yes food vacuole guys giving what i'm going to discuss a digestion in amiban just a bit so just please be patient i will discuss that what is diarrhea so what happens is that the removal of feces in our body is controlled right it is controlled and regulated but sometimes maybe due to some disease or maybe due to some unwanted you know substances entering we see that this uh there might be no control over it there's going to be a lot of removal of it uncontrollably this is what we call as diarrhea it's a condition which is normally a symptom of a disease diarrhea can be fatal in some cases for example because you see in a small intestine there's a lot of absorption of water and minerals right but if there's a lot if diarrhea is the case and it's a symptom and if it is not treated properly lot of water will also start getting out of the body which means that our need for water the person will become severely dehydrated and provided he's not having enough water and not drinking enough water it could be fatal will i are the finger like projections everyone i needed to focus as well okay so they are the finger like projections that are formed by the inner linings of the small intestine yes what are the uses of small and large intestines small intestine helps in digestion and absorption large intestine helps in the absorption of water and minerals and of course also helps in the removal or that's where the feces are formed bile is a juice which is secreted by the liver assimilation is a process where in the food the digested food nutrients that are there is utilized are we clear everybody i feel like i've had a rapid round of answering questions nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine delay yes which where where which nutrient mainly carbohydrates and fats right will i i've answered will i medulla see medulla abhishek it depends on which structure we're talking about so in kidney medulla is there in our brain also it is there so medulla is a very general term that we will be using see everything related to amoeba i am going to come i am not answering amiba questions because i'm going to be tackling those that concept in just a bit right yes everyone can you give me a quick thumbs up in the chat are we clear with human digestive system i want you to give me a quick thumbs up in the chat right are we clear everybody and for those of you who have doubts and if you guys know the answer help your friends out right you guys help each other out and give the answer so if you know the answer i would always tell you it's always okay because see i will always keep telling but if you know the answer then you can also send it in the chat right yes all right everyone it is wonderful that you are all such amazing students it is there on the screen parts of elementary canal i have written on the screen yes all right so now let's move on to the next part of the chapter oh before i go ahead i have a quick question for all of you bile is secreted by which part of the body focus on the fact that i am asking you where bile is produced right where is bile produced gall bladder liver small intestine or large intestine quickly on the chat everyone very good very good the correct answer here is liver so we're talking about where bile is produced bile is produced in the liver but where is it stored it is stored in the gallbladder okay so important point to understand now let's move on to the next part which is digestion in ruminants now digestion and ruminants was something that we had a class very recently and we know that especially when we talk about ruminants it includes your cattle it includes you know yak and all of those animals right so now of course if you see here when we talk about the digestive system we know that it has the mouth the esophagus stomach and of course we have the small intestine and the large intestine yes so now if you see the mouth again has teeth tongue and of course salivary glands that produce saliva now of course an adult cow has 32 teeth and in total where they it has eight in scissors 12 and 12 premolars and molars right now the thing here is that they have no canines present simply because of the kind of diet that they have because they are primarily herbivores right which means that they will feed on plants yes so now of course we know that the through the mouth ingestion takes place and they quickly feed on the food yes and they will bite into the food they will chew it and then they will swallow the food almost instantly so they swallow quite quickly and they will go it will go through the ease of figures and then it will reach the stomach now the stomach of the cow is very important right because we see that it has four compartments yes now these four compartments include your room in it includes your reticulum then of course we have our omasum and of course we have our abomasum yes now these are the four compartments that are there now we see that the rumen is the first compartment to which the food will enter and here again we see that there is partial digestion of food that takes place now again when i say partial it is incomplete right and here we see that the food gets softened and it helps in the formation of cud so cud is nothing but the softened partially digested food and the rumen consists of various bacteria that help in the digestion of cellulose now what is cellulose cellulose is nothing but a complex protein i'm sorry not protein it's a complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of plant cells right and we see that in even in our body we don't have the ability to actually break down the cellulose but we see that there are certain bacteria and if you ask me for some examples of these bacteria it includes rumino caucus species right so rominococcus is an example of a bacteria that we find in the case of that we find in the case of the cows that are there right and we see that they help in the digestion of cellulose now we see that once the formation of card has taken place we see that they will then be sent back to the mouth right so we see that the cut goes back into the mouth where further it is chewed and this is what we often see where the cow is found standing in one corner and chewing yes so now of course here if you see this is what we often call as chewing of card where it will further get digested right so cell wall is nothing but the outermost covering that we see in plant cells yes now we see that this process of the card going back into the mouth and then chewing and then of course this whole process is what we call as rumination and such animals are known as ruminants and once it has go you know the chewing of cut has taken place it will go back so one thing to remember here is that the esophagus of the cows it the movement is bi-directional it can go back up and it can come back inside so it's a very important point to remember then of course it will go into the omasim and then it will go to the upper muscle and again abomasum is considered to be the true stomach of the cows where of course digestion of proteins will take place yes and of course we see that further digestion starts then it goes on to the small intestine where it is absorbed and then we'll move on to the large intestine wherein it is passed you know where we see that absorption of water takes place and then undigested food is ingested up so are we clear with digestion and ruminants everybody any doubt so far yes quickly give me a thumbs up everyone yes all right very good very good i'm just going to wait a minute so that you all give me finger like projection is called as bili very good yes yeah they uh do cows have villi it's very interesting question in my knowledge yes but i can check and let you know because i've never wondered about it but most likely they will have that to help with the absorption increased absorption right what is ingestion ingestion is the removal of undigested food right so ejection is removal of undigested food yes all right very good what is card cut is the softened partially digested food yes i'm writing all these definitions down so that you can do all right okay what are the four parts four parts include rumen reticulum omasum and we have abomasum yes cows have gallbladder they do yes you can draw adida you can drop this comment in the comment section you can do that all right everybody are we clear with this shall we move on to the last part of the chapter we will wind this up in the next five minutes by 5 50 we're going to wind up the chapter in 50 minutes we would have completed our whole chapter yes and thank you for being such wonderful students you are so patient you're listening to the whole class right very good very proud of all of you and the next part is very simple see if you know the steps of digestion the whole chapter becomes very simple to be honest all right so very quickly everybody here's a question for you rumen is part of what right is it either figure stomach small intestine or large intestine very quickly in the chat can you tell me what is the correct answer yes they do uh shri hita they do they do very good very good everybody yes all right the correct answer here is option b stomach rumen is part of the stomach and it is the largest compartment now let's move on to the last part which is amoeba right and everyone focus here because all of you had doubts with amoeba now of course we know that amoeba is a uni cellular organism and amoeba is something which does not have a proper shape right it has no definite shape now here if you see in the amoeba it is a cell it is a single cell amoeba is a unicellular organism which means its whole body is just made up of this one single cell now on the outside of course we see that there is cell membrane on the inside we know that there's a nucleus then we see that there is some jelly-like fluid that is there which is cytoplasm right and these are of course some of the basic structures that are there yes now when we talk about nutrition in amoeba we see that all the five steps of nutrition take place where there's ingestion digestion absorption assimilation and ingestion right now the thing with amoeba is when amoeba requires food right the amoeba will able to be it has the ability to sense the food in its surrounding yes it will know that okay food is there and what it will do is it will slowly move towards it you all seen slime right you would have seen slime how it would be gooey and it you know crawl around like this you can imagine amoeba to be something like that where it's like a gooey kind of thing which is crawling and going and what happens is that it will come and it will be near the food now what it needs to do is it needs to ingest the food right it needs to take in the food into its body now amira doesn't have mouth by which it will be able to do it which is why we see that they will extend a part of its body like this and these extensions that you see is what we call as pseudopodia so what are pseudopodia a lot of you are asking me right pseudopodia are nothing but they are projections projections from the body of amoeba that act as false feet right so they act so they don't have proper feet like two feet like us which is why we see that they have these false feet and we imagine if my two hands were the false feet of amoeba it will go around the food like this and it will trap the food right and we see that the food will then get entered into the body yes so we see that they will trap it like this and it will ultimately result in the formation of a food vacuole so what is a food vacuole a lot of you are asking me food vacuole is nothing but a structure wherein the food is trapped and present and we see that inside the food vacuole we see that there will be various enzymes or chemicals which will get produced which will help in the digestion of food so digestion of food takes place inside the food vacuole right and once the food is digested we see that the nutrients will be found in the cytoplasm of the amoeba and then we see that eventually they will go to different parts of the cell itself so basically they're just getting distributed around in the cell and finally we see that all these nutrients will be utilized for growth to get energy for development and whatever is unnecessary will get removed out through the body right why amoeba has no correct shape that's how that's part of life right it's part of evolution over time it had no definite shape but if you see over time cells have a definite shape yes unicellular means its whole body is just made up of that one single cell you imagine in a house you have so many bricks right but in this case this one single brick is only the house that is what we mean by uni cellular assimilation again is a process of utilization of nutrients right they get utilized to produce energy right and of course if you see for growth so this is all that we mean example of food so you see amoeba mainly feed on these microscopic structures which we find so amoeba is actually aquatic in nature which means we mainly find it in water so there's a lot of tiny tiny food substances that you find in water which we call as plantain right so we call it as plankton so we see that this amoeba mainly feeds on that avila and sudapodia are not the same will i are finger-like projections pseudo body are nothing but extensions of the body false feet yes are we clear everybody are we clear with the concept i told you 550 we will wind up right no tanishka do you have any doubts you're not clear with the concept or no more doubts how does it sense food so you see on the surface of the amoeba there are actually various chemicals that help in sensing right it helps in detecting what is there around you so you imagine if you were blindfolded and you had to figure out what is that when you play blindfold games right you can't see but what will you do you'll reach your hands out and see what is there in and around me this amoeba has these chemicals that are present and help them with the same yes crystal clear oh you are answering the question okay sorry sorry about that what kritimam is just not keeping well guys don't worry she'll be back very soon we can't see amir under a microscope we can all right everybody so with this we come to the end of today's class we discussed about the human digestive system nutrition and amoeba and digestion in nutrients and of course everyone do not forget to register for anti we've already had a class on why anthony is important if you have not checked the video out it's time to check it out and of course the buy juice mini learning program is free right and you have a new code which is the yt first code yes and you can apply it wherein we see that the first thousand users can avail this for free and of course if you're not part of our telegram community it's time to join the telegram community because you know that every friday we come live just like how i came live today at 3 p.m and spoke to some of you i want all of you to be a part of telegram channel i'll be sharing the session pdf as well amoeba does not have a definite shape simply because it's part of evolution that's how the organism evolved that's how it started to exist right that's why it's part of how life has fought yes so i hope i have clarified this doubt and six to eight channel has got you covered and you know that hit the like button share it with your friends and subscribe to the channel and i want all of you to let me know if you found the session helpful in the comment section and if you have any more doubts please make sure that you let me know in the comment section below thank you so much everyone happy raksha bandhan to all of you as well hoping to see you very soon again bye bye you

[Music] [Music] hi everyone good evening welcome to sixth seventh and eighth channel of vaijuz all of you are the champions hi everyone i&#39;m your teacher ankita good evening i can see ravi i can see dilip kumar there&#39;s ayush also good evening everyone how are you all good good to see all of you here can we have the chat movie so everyone tell me how are you awesome i&#39;m sure you must be thinking right where is it yes right yawn sure awesome so what do you think where mam is i just came to say hi yes come on come on tell me where do you think mam is yes okay so we should call mama right okay you only can start calling ma&#39;am in the chat and of course man will appear like a magic awesome so let&#39;s call mom right mom can you please come hi everyone good afternoon i mean good evening so angita mama and i were together she has a class at six o&#39;clock so we were just sitting and i was like why not why not meet everyone so i think the chat on screen for ranking is a little frozen that&#39;s why she could not read the comments but all of them were you know talking to you about it and they were asking they were actually replying to you yes i&#39;m really sorry i just yeah yeah that happens right when we are planning to give you a surprise surprise happens to us yeah that&#39;s what exactly happened i&#39;m good thank you for asking i hope that you all of you are good thank you so much thank you yes all right i am wearing the baiju&#39;s t-shirt they are all very curious so yes everyone will get started thank you see you around yes all right everyone welcome to yet another amazing class on baito 678 this is part of our mission midterms where it&#39;s going to be the one shot session for nutrition in animals right so now of course we know that this particular chapter we&#39;ve dealt with at it in great detail and now we&#39;ll do the one shot so i have a small request for all of you please make sure that you have a notebook and pen in your hand if not please have your textbook with you with a pencil right so that you can make a note of all the important pointers that we are going to be discussing yes all right everyone good evening i can see sonia yogesh uh amritan she&#39;s here anita tanishka sonia anik yes good evening ankita mam has gone because of because it&#39;s a one shot right so she will be back sometime very soon yes all right everybody so please bear with me i&#39;m checking the chat on my phone as on my screen it&#39;s a it&#39;s frozen at the moment so we&#39;re just getting that resolved at this point okay all right very good everyone very good do you all have your notebooks and pen ready with you can you give me a thumbs up on the chat yes of course i know all of you right hi chirag yes do you all have your notebooks and pen or if not have your textbooks with you right i always tell you just have your textbooks it&#39;ll be good yes we are ready to go that is amazing now of course i can see 19 of you are here on the live class but very quickly i would request you to tell your friends as well to come and be a part of today&#39;s class because i do understand that you know this particular chapter nutrition in animals is extremely important now it&#39;s part of our mission midterms which is a plan that we have for 45 days where we are going to help you out with your exam preparation right so of course as part of the one-shot session that we have we&#39;ll have doubt solving classes and exam strategy sessions we&#39;ll be doing classes on exam focused questions right so we&#39;ll be doing some important questions as well we&#39;ll be sharing the pdfs with you and if some pdfs have gone missing from our end you tell us that mom this pdf you&#39;ve not sent you send it to us right now yes and we&#39;ll be doing mock tests very soon hello priya yes no problem but please do come back and watch the video yes will you be able to do that all right everyone so before we get started i hope my audio my video and my screen and what i&#39;m posting on the screen is clear to all of you yes all right everybody icse sessions please yes um aniri please just put it on the chat right yes all good to go so now of course in this particular session right so we started off with understanding about the different steps of nutrition that are there because nutrition in animals comes from understanding nutrition and what are the steps of nutrition now one thing i would like to tell all my lovely students is that what we&#39;re going to do is we will be doing one portion right and then we will have the doubts yes so it is important that you understand that in between i may not be able to cater to your doubts because i&#39;ll be teaching and i&#39;ll be going in the flow of it but when we have the doubt section i would like you to ask me all your doubts right so just please be patient you can write down all your doubts right you can write it down in a sheet of paper and you can ask it to me as and when we have a doubt part yes so now of course when we talk about nutrition we know that nutrition is nothing but the mode of intake of food and its utilization right so this is how we would define nutrition and we know that in animals of course we have two kinds right we have of course a autotrophic mode of nutrition and we have heterotrophic mode of nutrition now in heterotrophic mode of nutrition we know that we&#39;re dependent on other organisms for food and in animals and in humans we see that there are five steps right so we see that there is ingestion digestion absorption assimilation and ejection now ingestion is nothing but the process of taking in food into the body right while digestion is the breakdown of complex food substances into simple soluble forms while absorption is a process of taking or absorbing it into the blood right while assimilation is the utilization of all of these nutrients and last but not the least ejection is the process of removal of undigested waste yes so a simple way yes very good abhishek in delhi all army eat you can keep this simple mnemonic to remember the five steps of nutrition right so now of course this is what we understand now when we talk about ingestion we know that it is a process by which we take in food inside the body now of course in humans we know that we you know eat the food through our mouth and of course we bite into it or you know we chew the food whatever but basically the thing that you need to focus on is we bite the food right or we tear into the food but if you see in other animals we will observe various modes of ingestion so in some cases like in animals we observe scraping where we see that they will scrape the food so imagine if this is their mouth right can you make me a little bit on screen so that maybe they&#39;ll be able to see yes so if you see here we can see that when it&#39;s scraping it will scrape the food and it will put it inside his mouth while chewing that is there is when we grind and chew the food using the teeth like in our case so we chew our food now sucking is something we observe in bees where they suck so imagine if there&#39;s a straw right their mouth is like a straw and they will suck the food right so because they mainly feed on nectar then you have something known as siphoning now siphoning mainly has to do with how their mouth is right so you see that they&#39;ll have a quick suction force that is there then of course we have swallowing wherein we see that they will swallow the whole organism they will not bite into it or tear into it right we see that they will completely take in the organism like how we will see in snakes while in eagles if you see what they do is they will snatch their prey right so we see that they capture the food and then they eat it which is what we call as capturing and last but not the least we have sponging so sponging is when we see in house flights where they secrete their saliva outside the body they make it soft and then they will suck it back inside so these are different ways so it&#39;s good to know what is what right so in this case if you see what you need to do or what you need to know is that there&#39;s not just chewing and swallowing right all you need to do is to understand that there are various ways or various modes at which they will ingest the food yes you can increase my size on the screen right okay so this is something about ingestion now the main part that we need to focus on is digestion and this definition is extremely important right so what do we mean by digestion make a note of it in your book or write it down underline it wherever digestion can be defined as the process by which complex substances present in the food is broken down into simple absorbable forms right or simple substances and this process of breakdown of food is what we call as digestion and we see that in the human body the human digestive system facilitates this process now of course we know that the human digestive system has two parts you have the elementary canal or what we call as the digestive tract and we have the digestive glands or the accessory glands right so so far are we clear everybody what are complex substances yes so let me tell you we know that in the food that we eat right so food that we eat consists of various nutrients yes so these nutrients will include your carbohydrates right you have your proteins and you have your fats they are your main macronutrients that are there now if you look at carbohydrates if you see right if you see here this is let&#39;s assume this is starch yes now starch is made up of many many such structures they&#39;re all put together and they form this structure we call it as start but our body cannot utilize it if it is like this but instead it will only be able to utilize it if it is in individual units which is why digestion is necessary are we clear with this concept of complex and simple substances yes can we scroll down in the chat yes all right tia i will tell you what are glands right in just a bit yes glands are nothing but structures which secrete certain substances yes very quickly everybody give me a thumbs up in the chat to know that we are good to go yes very good you have not understood which part can you tell me shubhan vito which part have you not understood no problem it&#39;s okay we&#39;re just getting started right yes glands are structures which secrete certain important substances very good good to go so for those of you who have not understood any part you just hold on to it when we reach a doubt board again i will what is digestion okay digestion is nothing but a process where in complex substances right so if you see here food that we eat has nutrients right so these nutrients are carbohydrates proteins and fats yes we know they&#39;re very important to our body now they exist in this complex structure so you imagine it&#39;s like a big house yes but what we need for our body is a brick right all these bricks will come together and make the house but what we need to do is to deconstruct that house so that we get each of those bricks that is effectively what is digestion when we say break down into complex substances into simple soluble forms which means which we can absorb into the body accessory glands means that they will pour their secretion they&#39;re not directly part of the elementary canal but they have these structures which will pour their secretions yes all right everyone very good crystal clear that is amazing now what we&#39;re going to do is to quickly have a look at the digestive system now see when we are going to do human um starch sucrose yes starch and sucrose are complex forms right they are complex forms of carbohydrates yes so now of course one thing that i&#39;m going to tell you right now is that when we do human digestive system there are going to be multiple doubts i would like you to please be patient with me because it will take i will do it in continue continuity so i&#39;ll explain it continuously from end to end and then i will take up your doubts okay so in between if i miss out on doubts it&#39;s not because of anything i just want your time 10 minutes i want you to focus on what i&#39;m teaching and then you can ask me your doubts yes so let&#39;s get started with a human digestive system which is extremely important right so if you see the human digestive system it starts with the mouth now we know that that is where ingestion takes place where we ingest the food right and the mouth will lead into the buccal cavity that includes your teeth saliva and of course the tongue now if you see here teeth help in breaking and crushing the food into smaller particles so food that we eat need to be chewed and crushed which is why we have the teeth with us and in the human body we have four kinds of teeth right so here we see that we have in scissors right we have canines we have premolars and of course last but not the least we have molars now here if you see the incisors that are there they are these chisel shaped so they will look something like this right so they&#39;ll be like chisel shape that will help in biting into the food so the role here is to bite and into the food that we have and incisors are the front four teeth that are there in our body now canines that are there are present on either side of the incisors right so on either side we will find canines and the canines here help in tearing into the food yes so they help in tearing the flesh that is there which is why if you see right sometimes in tigers and lions their canines are very prominent you can see them from the outside and they&#39;re very pointy right and in totality we have four canines very good now of course we have premolars and molars which are located in the back region that helps in chewing and crushing the food right so it helps with chewing crushing and grinding of the food and once we see that it will get broken down entirely we see that the saliva is also produced now saliva is a watery fluid right so we see that saliva is a watery fluid which is produced by the salivary glands and in our body we have three pairs of salivary glands right and we see that this saliva helps in many ways okay so first and foremost we see that saliva helps in binding all this chewed and crushed food together into a tight form right and along with that the tongue is also there that helps in movement of the food within the mouth and apart from this if you see we see that saliva salivary gland this saliva that is there has an enzyme now for those of you who are asking me what is an enzyme enzyme is nothing but a chemical substance which will facilitate or it will help with the chemical reaction that takes place right so this enzyme that is there in the saliva is known as salivary amylase right so we see that salivary amylase is present in the saliva that will help in breaking down starch into some simpler forms mind you i am saying simpler form and not simplest form right simplest form is the end product of digestion but here we see that only partial digestion is happening important to understand partial means only half digestion is taking place it&#39;s not complete yet yes so partial digestion will start in the mouth now what happens we see that you know the tongue will mix the saliva and all of this and finally it will help in swallowing the food yes so we see that our food will get swallowed and we see that through a common opening known as pharynx it will move into the next part which is the esophagus yes so esophagus is nothing but the food pipe which is a pipe like structure and we see that it is made up of certain muscles right so it&#39;s made up of it has muscular walls basically now what happens is that as the food goes down from the food you know ease of vegas we see that we have no control really after this right so we have no control over how the food is going to go down through the food pipe yes from now on it is involuntary or it is out of our control and we see that the inner lining the muscles that are there will contract so they&#39;ll contract and relax and generate a wave like movement known as peristalsis very good so peristalsis can be defined as the wave like movement that is generated as a result of muscular contraction and relaxation and it is not something we see only in the esophagus but we will see it throughout the elementary canal so once it has gone through the esophagus it will go to the next part which is the stomach now the stomach that you see here is a muscular j shaped organ which produces what it produces something known as gastric juice right so this gastric juice includes many things it has mucus it has hydrochloric acid and some digestive enzymes right now this digestive enzyme that is there if you see is nothing but pepsin now this is some extra information don&#39;t get worried right yes so now as you can see here yes thank you for that i&#39;m going to change it mucus all right so now as you can see here in this case right what happens is that the hydrochloric acid that is there yes hydrochloric acid has two functions one of course is to get rid of any harmful substances that may enter along with the food and the other thing is to activate the you know the enzymes that are there in the stomach and of course we know hydrochloric acid being an acid can affect the inner linings of the stomach which is why we see that the mucus that is there will protect the stomach fall from the action of the hydrochloric acid and of course we see that at the end of it we see that protein digestion so write this down it&#39;s very important you might get questions as well protein digestion starts in the stomach right and we see that inside the stomach the food will be there for at least four to five hours where it will churn and process the food yes so i hope so far we are clear now from here again i can see a lot of doubts just give me some time i&#39;ll finish the whole explanation and i will take your doubts all of your doubts i will answer okay that&#39;s my promise and guarantee to you i just need another 10 minutes of your time right so now of course we know that once it is getting processed here it will go on to the next part which is the small intestine and we see that the small intestine that is there has three regions right so it has the duodenum region so i&#39;m going to move it a little more this side so that you can see clearly so small intestine has three parts it has duodenum it has jejunum and it has helium so there are these three parts that are there now what happens is that the duodenum is the initial part right or i will say the first part of the small intestine and it receives the secretions or juices from the accessory glands right so the accessory glands are not directly part of your elementary canal but rather we see that they are you know organ situated in and around the digestive system that have tubes that will pour the secretion right so here we see that liver gall bladder and pancreas are all accessory glands now the liver is the largest gland that is there in the body which secretes bile juice and excess of bile will get stored in the gallbladder and bile here facilitates i am going to write this down bile only helps in the digestion of fats but it does not do digestion of fats right it is not what is responsible for fat digestion it only does a few things wherein it will help in the whole process of digestion so basically what bile does right we see that fat exists in the form of large structures they&#39;re very very huge yes and we see that the enzymes or the digestive juices cannot act on fat directly but what this bile will do right by will convert it into some smaller droplets so that these enzymes can act on it so if you see here they are not breaking down the fat they are just reducing its structure to something smaller so that digestion can take place so this is something that you need to understand now apart from this we also know that the pancreas secrete pancreatic stump juice right and we see that this is located behind the stomach yes so we find it located behind the stomach and we know that the pancreas produce pancreatic juice which consists of various enzymes right there are so many enzymes that are there and they&#39;ll all act on carbohydrates proteins and fats yes and they will facilitate the digestion but you see complete digestion will only take place as they go further into the small intestine and we know that the small intestine is very long and it is highly coiled it is almost up to seven meters long and it is packed inside the abdominal cavity and we see that complete when you say final digestion it is nothing but complete digestion takes place in the small intestine until here we only see that partial digestion takes place right and we know that in the small intestine especially in the helium region we see that there are various finger like projections that are there so now what do we see digestion has taken place they are into simple absorbable forms right they&#39;re all in simple absorbable forms so now it is time for step number three of nutrition that is absorption so for facilitating this problem finger-like projections because they increase surface area of absorption of these digested nutrients and thereby we see that these villi they are richly supplied with blood vessels right now what are blood vessels or blood capillaries they are nothing but thin tubes that transport the blood right so we see that these digested nutrients will move into the bloodstream yes so that then they can be transported to different parts yes all right you are not able to hear you is it i mean am i audible guys am i audible yes everyone am i audible i am audible right no i&#39;m not some of you are saying yes some of you are saying no all right for those of you for whom i am not oh there was a lag for some time is it okay all right all right everyone so i think in between uh you can just refresh your page everybody once so that you don&#39;t miss it out earlier it was echoing is it can we check this once it&#39;s fine right okay sorry guys i think earlier it echoed the video was shaking okay i think we were facing some issues really sorry it&#39;s okay um no issues if you&#39;ve missed out any part wherein uh is it better now is it echoing because i know my voice being very loud and if it echoes also it might be a little too much for all of you are we good now is it no it&#39;s fine right audio is fine no echo now no no it&#39;s okay sorry about that guys sorry yes all good yes yes i will send this one no ma&#39;am echoes okay all right so yes like i was saying okay just give me a minute yes so like i was saying right so we have the inner linings which of the small intestine which is made into finger like projections known as villi that help with the absorption so it will move into the bloodstream and then from the blood they will be transported to different parts of the body right and we know that once it reaches different parts of the body they will then get utilized so these nutrients for example carbohydrates we know that we get energy so basically if you see we get the energy right then of course if you see for the large intestine we see that whatever food after our absorption has taken taken place whatever remaining food is there will go to the large intestine and we see that we call it as large intestine because it is wider but it is slightly smaller than the small intestine and of course we see that the primary role yes let&#39;s not have any more additional information but the primary role of course is the absorption of water and salts and it of course stores the feces or the undigested food briefly yes and we see that eventually it is removed out through the anus right and injection takes place yes all right i do understand yes so i told you i was actually teaching which is why i didn&#39;t see the comments because sometimes when i see doubts right i tend to get a little you know when i see the doubts i i really get distracted where i&#39;m like oh i have to answer that doubt right so this is a whole explanation of digestive systems and i wanted to do it at one go so that you get an understanding otherwise if there&#39;s a break in the explanation sometimes we may get a little confused so are we clear anyone what are all the doubts that we have we will sort it out now so there was i think in the beginning itself i told you i would not be checking your comments because i just need 10 minutes of your time in order to make sure that the whole explanation is done we will be having the mentee for this chapter next week okay all right so let me take it one by one so what are accessory glands i&#39;m going to write everything so that later on you can take a picture or you know you can take it from the pdf so accessory glands are nothing but those glands so they are structures which secrete digestive juices right so they secrete digestive juices and pour it into the digestive tract so pour it into the digestive tract and now an important thing to understand here is that they are not part of the elementary canal right so they are not a part of the elementary canal but rather they are located in and around it so that they can pour their juices right yes what is renin so renin again is an enzyme that we find or it is produced in the stomach right and it helps in the digestion of certain milk proteins that are there yes all right now what is absorption absorption is nothing but when we take in the food right so food from the elementary canal is absorbed right or it is taken in what is elementary canal elementary canal is nothing but the continuous tube like structure which starts with the mouth right and it ends in the anus so here your elementary canal is a continuous structure that includes your mouth your esophagus right it includes your stomach then of course you have your small intestine and large intestine and finally anus right so are we clear what are reasons of indigestion now there are multiple reasons as to why indigestion may take place right so we see that one of the reasons why indigestion takes place of course is because sometimes the enzymes in our body is not produced right so sometimes if you see you have lactose intolerance some people can&#39;t drink milk or milk based products because an enzyme is not properly produced within their body the one that breaks down all this you know lactose that is there lipase reacts lipase is an enzyme which reacts on fat right so lipase is an enzyme which will act on the fat yes function of salivary glands salivary glands is responsible for producing saliva right so that is what they do let me just write this down all right what is glycerol so glycerol that is there is actually nothing but a chemical structure that is present in fat right so we see that glycerol plus fatty acid so fatty acid is again another chemical substance they come together and they are the ones that make up your fats which is why when we in turn break fats down it gives you fatty acid and glycerol what are amino acids amino acids are the building blocks of proteins so similarly imagine many bricks and they are amino acids when you put all of them together it gives you protein so amino acid is the simplest form of proteins yes what are feces feces are the solid undigested waste that is there right and it is also known as stool where is the library glands located you have in three locations it&#39;s there under your ear under your lower jaw and under your tongue yes paracasing is just another enzyme that is there yes mostly in which part so see it&#39;s all over there but i have to say mostly i would say helium yes because helium is the largest part of the small intestine that is there length of small intestine around 7.5 right what is ingestion yes ingestion is nothing but the process of let me write this down ingestion is nothing but the process of taking in the food into the body yes whole step of digestion in short so that&#39;s how you define digestion right digestion is nothing but the process of breakdown of food into simple soluble forms trypsin is an enzyme which is secreted that is present in the pancreatic juice that helps in the breakdown of proteins again partial digestion right yes heat chapter saurabh sir will take what is food vacuole mahisha i will be telling you in just a bit like we&#39;ll discuss when we talk about this where are amino acids present in our body see mainly amino acids are obtained from the food that we eat right the proteins that we eat so amino acids are utilized within the body yes urea is nothing but a kind of nitrogenous waste that is produced inside our body that we remove are remove out of our body through urine right through formation of urine so it is a nitrogenous waste yes what is anus anus is nothing but a small opening through which undigested food is removed out so dilip let us stick to what is there in this chapter because golgi bodies come when we talk about cell structure right so let us focus on what is there in this chapter yes bolus is what is formed in the mouth right so when all the food substances are bound together it is called by mouth what do we mean by partial partial means it is incomplete right so for example if i have a circle and i color only so much i have colored only half the circle right so it is partially colored which means only little bit yes which muscles we call them as smooth muscles right smooth muscles are the ones that trigger the wave like contraction and relaxation yes food vacuole guys giving what i&#39;m going to discuss a digestion in amiban just a bit so just please be patient i will discuss that what is diarrhea so what happens is that the removal of feces in our body is controlled right it is controlled and regulated but sometimes maybe due to some disease or maybe due to some unwanted you know substances entering we see that this uh there might be no control over it there&#39;s going to be a lot of removal of it uncontrollably this is what we call as diarrhea it&#39;s a condition which is normally a symptom of a disease diarrhea can be fatal in some cases for example because you see in a small intestine there&#39;s a lot of absorption of water and minerals right but if there&#39;s a lot if diarrhea is the case and it&#39;s a symptom and if it is not treated properly lot of water will also start getting out of the body which means that our need for water the person will become severely dehydrated and provided he&#39;s not having enough water and not drinking enough water it could be fatal will i are the finger like projections everyone i needed to focus as well okay so they are the finger like projections that are formed by the inner linings of the small intestine yes what are the uses of small and large intestines small intestine helps in digestion and absorption large intestine helps in the absorption of water and minerals and of course also helps in the removal or that&#39;s where the feces are formed bile is a juice which is secreted by the liver assimilation is a process where in the food the digested food nutrients that are there is utilized are we clear everybody i feel like i&#39;ve had a rapid round of answering questions nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine delay yes which where where which nutrient mainly carbohydrates and fats right will i i&#39;ve answered will i medulla see medulla abhishek it depends on which structure we&#39;re talking about so in kidney medulla is there in our brain also it is there so medulla is a very general term that we will be using see everything related to amoeba i am going to come i am not answering amiba questions because i&#39;m going to be tackling those that concept in just a bit right yes everyone can you give me a quick thumbs up in the chat are we clear with human digestive system i want you to give me a quick thumbs up in the chat right are we clear everybody and for those of you who have doubts and if you guys know the answer help your friends out right you guys help each other out and give the answer so if you know the answer i would always tell you it&#39;s always okay because see i will always keep telling but if you know the answer then you can also send it in the chat right yes all right everyone it is wonderful that you are all such amazing students it is there on the screen parts of elementary canal i have written on the screen yes all right so now let&#39;s move on to the next part of the chapter oh before i go ahead i have a quick question for all of you bile is secreted by which part of the body focus on the fact that i am asking you where bile is produced right where is bile produced gall bladder liver small intestine or large intestine quickly on the chat everyone very good very good the correct answer here is liver so we&#39;re talking about where bile is produced bile is produced in the liver but where is it stored it is stored in the gallbladder okay so important point to understand now let&#39;s move on to the next part which is digestion in ruminants now digestion and ruminants was something that we had a class very recently and we know that especially when we talk about ruminants it includes your cattle it includes you know yak and all of those animals right so now of course if you see here when we talk about the digestive system we know that it has the mouth the esophagus stomach and of course we have the small intestine and the large intestine yes so now if you see the mouth again has teeth tongue and of course salivary glands that produce saliva now of course an adult cow has 32 teeth and in total where they it has eight in scissors 12 and 12 premolars and molars right now the thing here is that they have no canines present simply because of the kind of diet that they have because they are primarily herbivores right which means that they will feed on plants yes so now of course we know that the through the mouth ingestion takes place and they quickly feed on the food yes and they will bite into the food they will chew it and then they will swallow the food almost instantly so they swallow quite quickly and they will go it will go through the ease of figures and then it will reach the stomach now the stomach of the cow is very important right because we see that it has four compartments yes now these four compartments include your room in it includes your reticulum then of course we have our omasum and of course we have our abomasum yes now these are the four compartments that are there now we see that the rumen is the first compartment to which the food will enter and here again we see that there is partial digestion of food that takes place now again when i say partial it is incomplete right and here we see that the food gets softened and it helps in the formation of cud so cud is nothing but the softened partially digested food and the rumen consists of various bacteria that help in the digestion of cellulose now what is cellulose cellulose is nothing but a complex protein i&#39;m sorry not protein it&#39;s a complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of plant cells right and we see that in even in our body we don&#39;t have the ability to actually break down the cellulose but we see that there are certain bacteria and if you ask me for some examples of these bacteria it includes rumino caucus species right so rominococcus is an example of a bacteria that we find in the case of that we find in the case of the cows that are there right and we see that they help in the digestion of cellulose now we see that once the formation of card has taken place we see that they will then be sent back to the mouth right so we see that the cut goes back into the mouth where further it is chewed and this is what we often see where the cow is found standing in one corner and chewing yes so now of course here if you see this is what we often call as chewing of card where it will further get digested right so cell wall is nothing but the outermost covering that we see in plant cells yes now we see that this process of the card going back into the mouth and then chewing and then of course this whole process is what we call as rumination and such animals are known as ruminants and once it has go you know the chewing of cut has taken place it will go back so one thing to remember here is that the esophagus of the cows it the movement is bi-directional it can go back up and it can come back inside so it&#39;s a very important point to remember then of course it will go into the omasim and then it will go to the upper muscle and again abomasum is considered to be the true stomach of the cows where of course digestion of proteins will take place yes and of course we see that further digestion starts then it goes on to the small intestine where it is absorbed and then we&#39;ll move on to the large intestine wherein it is passed you know where we see that absorption of water takes place and then undigested food is ingested up so are we clear with digestion and ruminants everybody any doubt so far yes quickly give me a thumbs up everyone yes all right very good very good i&#39;m just going to wait a minute so that you all give me finger like projection is called as bili very good yes yeah they uh do cows have villi it&#39;s very interesting question in my knowledge yes but i can check and let you know because i&#39;ve never wondered about it but most likely they will have that to help with the absorption increased absorption right what is ingestion ingestion is the removal of undigested food right so ejection is removal of undigested food yes all right very good what is card cut is the softened partially digested food yes i&#39;m writing all these definitions down so that you can do all right okay what are the four parts four parts include rumen reticulum omasum and we have abomasum yes cows have gallbladder they do yes you can draw adida you can drop this comment in the comment section you can do that all right everybody are we clear with this shall we move on to the last part of the chapter we will wind this up in the next five minutes by 5 50 we&#39;re going to wind up the chapter in 50 minutes we would have completed our whole chapter yes and thank you for being such wonderful students you are so patient you&#39;re listening to the whole class right very good very proud of all of you and the next part is very simple see if you know the steps of digestion the whole chapter becomes very simple to be honest all right so very quickly everybody here&#39;s a question for you rumen is part of what right is it either figure stomach small intestine or large intestine very quickly in the chat can you tell me what is the correct answer yes they do uh shri hita they do they do very good very good everybody yes all right the correct answer here is option b stomach rumen is part of the stomach and it is the largest compartment now let&#39;s move on to the last part which is amoeba right and everyone focus here because all of you had doubts with amoeba now of course we know that amoeba is a uni cellular organism and amoeba is something which does not have a proper shape right it has no definite shape now here if you see in the amoeba it is a cell it is a single cell amoeba is a unicellular organism which means its whole body is just made up of this one single cell now on the outside of course we see that there is cell membrane on the inside we know that there&#39;s a nucleus then we see that there is some jelly-like fluid that is there which is cytoplasm right and these are of course some of the basic structures that are there yes now when we talk about nutrition in amoeba we see that all the five steps of nutrition take place where there&#39;s ingestion digestion absorption assimilation and ingestion right now the thing with amoeba is when amoeba requires food right the amoeba will able to be it has the ability to sense the food in its surrounding yes it will know that okay food is there and what it will do is it will slowly move towards it you all seen slime right you would have seen slime how it would be gooey and it you know crawl around like this you can imagine amoeba to be something like that where it&#39;s like a gooey kind of thing which is crawling and going and what happens is that it will come and it will be near the food now what it needs to do is it needs to ingest the food right it needs to take in the food into its body now amira doesn&#39;t have mouth by which it will be able to do it which is why we see that they will extend a part of its body like this and these extensions that you see is what we call as pseudopodia so what are pseudopodia a lot of you are asking me right pseudopodia are nothing but they are projections projections from the body of amoeba that act as false feet right so they act so they don&#39;t have proper feet like two feet like us which is why we see that they have these false feet and we imagine if my two hands were the false feet of amoeba it will go around the food like this and it will trap the food right and we see that the food will then get entered into the body yes so we see that they will trap it like this and it will ultimately result in the formation of a food vacuole so what is a food vacuole a lot of you are asking me food vacuole is nothing but a structure wherein the food is trapped and present and we see that inside the food vacuole we see that there will be various enzymes or chemicals which will get produced which will help in the digestion of food so digestion of food takes place inside the food vacuole right and once the food is digested we see that the nutrients will be found in the cytoplasm of the amoeba and then we see that eventually they will go to different parts of the cell itself so basically they&#39;re just getting distributed around in the cell and finally we see that all these nutrients will be utilized for growth to get energy for development and whatever is unnecessary will get removed out through the body right why amoeba has no correct shape that&#39;s how that&#39;s part of life right it&#39;s part of evolution over time it had no definite shape but if you see over time cells have a definite shape yes unicellular means its whole body is just made up of that one single cell you imagine in a house you have so many bricks right but in this case this one single brick is only the house that is what we mean by uni cellular assimilation again is a process of utilization of nutrients right they get utilized to produce energy right and of course if you see for growth so this is all that we mean example of food so you see amoeba mainly feed on these microscopic structures which we find so amoeba is actually aquatic in nature which means we mainly find it in water so there&#39;s a lot of tiny tiny food substances that you find in water which we call as plantain right so we call it as plankton so we see that this amoeba mainly feeds on that avila and sudapodia are not the same will i are finger-like projections pseudo body are nothing but extensions of the body false feet yes are we clear everybody are we clear with the concept i told you 550 we will wind up right no tanishka do you have any doubts you&#39;re not clear with the concept or no more doubts how does it sense food so you see on the surface of the amoeba there are actually various chemicals that help in sensing right it helps in detecting what is there around you so you imagine if you were blindfolded and you had to figure out what is that when you play blindfold games right you can&#39;t see but what will you do you&#39;ll reach your hands out and see what is there in and around me this amoeba has these chemicals that are present and help them with the same yes crystal clear oh you are answering the question okay sorry sorry about that what kritimam is just not keeping well guys don&#39;t worry she&#39;ll be back very soon we can&#39;t see amir under a microscope we can all right everybody so with this we come to the end of today&#39;s class we discussed about the human digestive system nutrition and amoeba and digestion in nutrients and of course everyone do not forget to register for anti we&#39;ve already had a class on why anthony is important if you have not checked the video out it&#39;s time to check it out and of course the buy juice mini learning program is free right and you have a new code which is the yt first code yes and you can apply it wherein we see that the first thousand users can avail this for free and of course if you&#39;re not part of our telegram community it&#39;s time to join the telegram community because you know that every friday we come live just like how i came live today at 3 p.m and spoke to some of you i want all of you to be a part of telegram channel i&#39;ll be sharing the session pdf as well amoeba does not have a definite shape simply because it&#39;s part of evolution that&#39;s how the organism evolved that&#39;s how it started to exist right that&#39;s why it&#39;s part of how life has fought yes so i hope i have clarified this doubt and six to eight channel has got you covered and you know that hit the like button share it with your friends and subscribe to the channel and i want all of you to let me know if you found the session helpful in the comment section and if you have any more doubts please make sure that you let me know in the comment section below thank you so much everyone happy raksha bandhan to all of you as well hoping to see you very soon again bye bye you

Transcript for:Nutrition and Digestion

Transcript for:
Nutrition and Digestion