Overview
This lecture introduces a system using the PACER method to help you remember and apply what you read or learn, focusing on both consumption and digestion of information rather than just memorization.
The Two Stages of Learning
- Learning is most effective when it includes both consumption (reading/listening) and digestion (processing/encoding).
- Consuming more information without adequate digestion leads to forgetting most of what is read.
- Balancing consuming and digesting is essential for long-term retention and application.
The PACER System for Categorizing Information
- Information falls into five categories: Procedural, Analogous, Conceptual, Evidence, and Reference (PACER).
- Identifying the category helps choose the best method for remembering and using the information.
PACER Categories & Processes
Procedural Information (P)
- Involves steps or techniques for doing something (e.g., clinical exams, coding).
- Retained best by immediate real-life practice rather than delayed review.
Analogous Information (A)
- Relates to what you already know or creates connections with prior knowledge.
- Best digested by creating and critically examining analogies to clarify similarities and differences.
Conceptual Information (C)
- Includes concepts, theories, facts, and relationships between ideas.
- Mapped effectively by using mind maps or network-based notes to visualize connections and the bigger picture.
Evidence Information (E)
- Provides supporting details, data, cases, or technical facts for concepts.
- Should be quickly stored (in notes, flashcards, or digital systems) and rehearsed later by applying or explaining.
Reference Information (R)
- Consists of specific facts or details needed for recall but not deeper understanding.
- Best managed by storing in flashcards and rehearsing through spaced repetition, not repeated reading.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Consumption period — the stage involving reading, listening, or taking in information.
- Digestion period — the stage of processing, encoding, and storing information for long-term memory.
- Encoding — the process of moving information from short-term to long-term memory.
- Procedural information — how-to or step-by-step instructions.
- Analogous information — new knowledge linked to something already known via analogy.
- Conceptual information — facts, principles, and explanations forming the basis of understanding.
- Evidence information — detailed specifics or data supporting a concept.
- Reference information — isolated facts needed for recall, not understanding.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Practice categorizing information as you read using PACER.
- Ensure every bit of consumed information is followed by its appropriate digestion process.
- Create mind maps for conceptual topics; use flashcards for evidence/reference details.
- Reserve time for regular practice and review based on information type.