often you know counting is one of the first things you learn when you study a modern language it's important because you need to learn to say how many coffees you want to buy what your hotel room number is or how much the street vendors are swindling you but not so in Latin primarily because you don't need to talk to anyone in Latin on your travels it's just communicating with the dead and they only speak from the grave through literature you don't speak back unless of course you're learning Latin orally but that's another matter but that doesn't mean that learning numbers in Latin is not important this video we'll talk about Latin numbers more specifically the Cardinal numbering system I'll cover the other numbers ordinals in a different video the counting numbers and they are called cardinal numbers the word cardinal comes from the Latin word cardo which is a hinge you know like on a door these counting numbers are the hinges on which all other numbers depend they're the chief numbers I remember them because Cardinal and Counting both begin with a hard c c so the cardinal numbers in Latin are as follows un is one Duo DOI Duo is two TR Tria is three quator is four ququ five s six sepm is seven octo 8 noem is nine and decm is 10 so let's stop here for a second and compare the first 10 numbers in Latin to those in French Spanish and Italian here you can easily see how Latin is the mother Tong tongue of all of these and if you already know how to count in a daughter language the Latin number should be a inch and just for fun here's the German German didn't come from Latin but it shares a common ancestor thousands of years ago and you can see the similarity between these cousin languages also the last four numbers should look familiar to any English speaker and just put a burr after them and you'll get the name of our months September October November and December now unfortunately December is the 9th month not the 7th October the 10th not the 8th November the 11th not the 9th and December the 12th not the 10th but these months were originally named back when the New Year began on March 1st instead of January 1st oh so now these names would make sense also you'll notice that the numbers unus Duo and Trace have different endings for different genders I'll get back to this declension of these numbers at the end of the video for now let's keep going with numbers 11 through 20 Unum is 11 Duo deim is 12 Trey deim is 13 quator deim is 14 Quinn deim is 15 SE deam is 16 sep deim is 17 Duo deti is 18 un deti 19 and witi 20 the pattern for Latin here is pretty simple we add one number to 10 and we get the new number unim is 1 + 10 so 11 Duo deim is 2 + 10 12 and that works until we get to 18 and now we start counting back from 20 Duo deti literally is two from 20 subtract two from 20 and you get yeah 18 unti is 1 from 20 19 the strange thing is comparing these numbers to French Spanish and Italian latin's modern forms continue the additive method for 18 and 19 it's 8 + 10 and 9 + 10 rather than 2 and 1 from 20 so you would expect the words octo deim and noem deim or the reverse deim octo and deim noem to be used used in Latin at some point in time and they were just rarely and possibly in the lower classes who didn't write literature or very late in the Roman Empire the elite educated Latin that we still have in the writings of Cicero and Caesar seem to prefer Duo de wigin to octo deim so let's keep going 21 is wigin unus or unus at wigin to get 22 you just do wigin Duo 30 is trinta 40 quadria 50 Queen quag 60 6ag 70 Septuagint 80 octo 90 is non and 100 is Kum and 101 would be K the hundreds make complete sense 200 is duti 300 trenti 400 quadrin genti 500 quinti 600 cesti 700 sepen genti 800 octen genti 900 Noni and 1,00 is M anything above a thousand is just a multiple of a thousand like 7,000 is sepia and notice that this is really 7, thousands you plural m to Mia Kum Mia is 100,000 also for the hundreds notice that the second half is either kenti or genti the c or a g the two consonants that are very related to each other this is like how the name gas is abbreviated with a c as I said before unus Duo and Trace look different from the others in that they have feminine and neuter forms as well these three numbers and these are the only three until you get to the hundreds are declined so what that means is that the number for one two or three will look different if it's doing the action or receiving it so unus Dominus one master Praises a slave and Dominus the master Praises one slave the number will also look differently if the if it is used with nouns of different genders so we can change Dominus to Domina and unus changes to un here's the declension for unus in its masculine feminine and neuter forms unus un Unum then unius in the genitive of all three genders the dative is uni again for all three genders the accusative Unum UNAM Unum and the ablative Uno un Uno these look like first and second declen and endings except for the generative and dative which follow the pattern of several other adjectives of number and quality like nus UT and Solus oh and there's no plural of one I think you can figure out why here's the declension for duo duo du Duo and then duorum duum dorum and the genive and this is like the first and second declension then duus duus duus and the dative like the third declension Duos dasas Duo remember that the neuter accusative is always identical to the nominative and others are like the first and second declension uh and the ablative is the same as the dative duus DU duus and these of course look like plural endings because well to's plural and now here's trace this word has identical endings for masculine and feminine like some third declen adjective Trace Tria and then the genitive is trium for all three genders tribus for the dative trace Tria again for the accusative and tribus for the abative just like the dative the hundreds are also declined with first and second declen endings so here's 200 duken in all three genders in five cases learning the numbers for Latin is an important exercise because even if they aren't as important in a classical language as they are in a modern one you'll see numbers all the time but you know the numbers aren't so different from many other languages and this makes them easier to learn so compare these Latin numbers to French Spanish and other romance languages and you'll not only learn them better but you'll also learn a bit about how these languages have changed from Latin Through Time