Class 10th Economics - Development 📚

Introduction to Development

• Economics as a concept studied in Class 9; now advancing in Class 10.
• Development as an economic activity, touching various spheres.
• Introduction to chapter themes: What is development? Understanding the term.

Varying Ideas of Development

• People's idea of development varies: roads, dams, water supply, electricity.
• Complexity in defining development due to individual and national perspectives.

Importance of Multi-Dimensional Development

• Development as interdisciplinary, involving economics, political issues, historical perspectives.
• Example: Human Development Report by political parties.

Development as Aspirations and Goals

• Definition and expectations from development differ: roads, electricity, water, industries.
• Specific examples: farmers, businessmen, tribal groups.
• Conflicting developmental goals (e.g., dams providing electricity versus displacing tribal communities).

Key Points in Development Promises

• Different ideas have different goals based on individual needs.
• Examples: landless laborers, prosperous farmers, tribal groups.

Complex Nature of Development Comparisons

• Difficulties in comparing development due to varying ideas and goals.
• Considering more than just income for development: health, education, security, respect.

National Development

• Different individuals' goals imply different national development concepts.
• Calculating national development is complex due to varying individual aspirations.

Comparing Countries and States Based on Income

• Using income to classify countries as rich or poor.
• Average income (per capita income) concept important for comparison.
• Limitations of total income measurements.

Beyond Income: Other Criteria

• Importance of considering education, health, public facilities.
• Example states: Haryana, Kerala, Bihar - comparing more than just income.

Significance of Public Facilities

• Public facilities ensure security, education, health collectively at a lower cost.
• Development is influenced by the availability and quality of public facilities.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

• Method to assess whether a person is nourished, undernourished, or overweight.
• BMI formula: Weight (kg) / Height (m²).
• Understanding BMI ranges: Under 18 (undernourished), 18-25 (healthy), over 25 (overweight).

Human Development Report (HDR)

• Report by UNDP considering education, health status, per capita income.
• Used to create the Human Development Index (HDI).

Sustainability of Development

• Importance of sustainable use of resources for long-term development.
• Examples: Groundwater depletion, crude oil exhaustion potential.

Key Takeaways

• Development is a multi-dimensional concept needing a holistic approach.
• Sustainable development ensures resources for current and future needs.
• Public facilities, human development, and resource sustainability are crucial for true development.