Transcript for:
Julius Caesar Act 3, Scene 2 Lecture Notes

hello namaskar wam Julius thear act 3 scene two we have already gone through the very dramatic scene one where the assassination of Julius Caesar takes place and this is a scene and this is the second most important scene um in act three in fact the entire plane because this is the turning point this is where Mark Anthony is able to sway the crowd onto his side after Brutus has already delivered a fairly unemotional kind of a speech so that's what we going to study line by line word by word explanation like you can get nowhere else okay so um let's get started but before I start let me just share the PDF so that I can write my notes there okay so uh before I start I just want to tell you broadly the five to six thematic points of this scene which you would note down in your notebook and that would be helpful it also be helpful in understanding the uh scene that much better now as I said this is a key turning point in the play it is a key turning point because see it's like this it comes almost Midway into the play in the first half we have seen the play being dominated by the conspirators as it were I mean we know what they are planning to do why they are planning to do how Casas kind of of enlist the support of different conspirators mainly Brutus into his plot so we have seen a lot of the conspirators culminating in the assassination of Caesar we also have seen how Caesar himself seems to contribute to his own death right because he has that sense of oh who can kill me that sense of arrogance right culminates in the assassination of Julius Caesar scene two is the turning point where the tide seems to turn because from now onwards it's about how the how Julius Caesar would be Avenged by his best friend Mark Anthony so you understand so that's why this particular scene is what I'm calling a key turning point because Brutus initially gave what I call was a very logical and unemotional speech and that was followed by Mark Anthony who is extremely cunning and manipulative please use all these words when you write your answers because these are like Words which kind of encapsulate what this scene is all about what the character of Mark Anthony and that of Brutus is all about now Anthony also diso uh demonstrates great power of or atory he's a tremendous orator the way he kind of builds it up the way he kind of and and this is an important phrase it just occurred to me how he plays with the minds of the people he plays with the minds of the people because he knows that at that point in time they are they have been swayed by brutus's unemotional speech logical speech they believe that Brutus and the others were right and take them to the other side how does Mark Anthony achieve that that's what this scene is all about he does that by using a combination of intelligence cunning manipulation and most importantly a bit of sarcasm also the whole tone and ten and I'll explain to you as we go along okay then uh the other important point is about how Mark Anthony uses paos the use of paos that is he himself kind of seems to be extremely overwhelmed shedding tears and that seems to move the people of Rome um he cleverly presents the facts and emotions in a way that he knows will appeal to the people of Rome and he kind of plants doubts in the minds of the people whether they were really Justified in killing Julius Caesar and that kind of erupt ends in an eruption of anger among the people so much so that they are willing to wage Civil War in Rome and Target the conspirators in particular so what we would see in scene three of act three is the outbreak of Civil War that's a very short scene but it kind of gives you a sense of how Bloody uh these things can be when Civil War and unrest actually breaks out okay so let's get started I hope you have got the overall understanding of what this scene is all about we will be satisfied let us be satisfied so now here he's not talking about the citizens are not saying this is happening at the Forum because we have seen in the previous scene everyone saying that let's go to the public place the marketpl where on a platform everyone will be addressed so that's where Brutus and Casas and all the other citizens are assembled citizens say we will be satisfied let us be satisfied he's he's not satisfied does not mean STI he's saying that we demand answers they are asking for answers and let us be provided with answers give us the answers that's what they want so Brut says then follow me and listen to me give me audience means be my audience listen to me okay listen to me friends Casas you go to the other street so so that we can divide this crowd you know both of us don't need to be here you can give the reasons I can present the reasons here so you go to the next street so that we split the crowd part the numbers means we split the crowd and those of you who would like to hear me speak stay here those of you who would want to follow Casas to the next street go with him and public reasons shall be rendered of Caesar's death and we will explain the reasons for Caesar's death rendered means the reasons will be provided to you as to because that's what they want we want answers so they say that both of us will do that at two different location so that this crowd can be split clear great the first citizen says I will listen to what Brutus has to say the second citizen says I will listen to what Casas has to say and look and look at the the intelligence the second citizen says that then we will compare the reasons when we have heard them explaining separately so that whether there is any difference in the OR contradiction in the versions given by Brutus and Casas at two different locations oh brutas said this oh but cassia said this is there a difference so they want to match so it shows a very aware and a a very Discerning kind of a Roman citizenry that they are sharp about what they do I mean eventually we realize that they are not actually very sharp but at least this line seems to indicate that they seem to know these basic kind of tenets of how they should U you know digest the news casis exits with some of the citizens Brutus goes to the into the pulpit the third citizen says Noble Brutus is ascended that he has climbed up so silence Brutus says Be patient till the last that is be patient until the end until I have actually finished saying what I have to say Romans countrymen and lovers now lovers doesn't mean lovers uh in the literal sense he's actually saying dear friends okay dear friends hear me for my cause and be silent that you may hear so he says that hear me out for my reasons for my actions that is listen to me for what I have to say about what we just now did at the Senate and be silent so that you can hear me you can so that in silence so that everyone can hear what I have to say then he says give me the honor of believing me you know that you know don't immediately start hooting saying that ah ch ch ch we don't believe you no give me the honor of believing me so he wants the Romans to believe every word that he has to say and he says have respect to have respect to means remember and he says remember my honor my honor because he's kind of trying to say that I have a particular sture in Roman society so you need to remember that so that you may actually believe me so he's trying to put himself at a pedestals to say that you know I am of a particular stature in society magistrate so you need to kind of believe me and then he says at the same time he says is censure me in your wisdom that is Judge Me with your wisdom use your mind use your brain to judge what I have on the basis of what I have to say using your wisdom using your intelligence and awake your senses that you may the better judge and he says and keep your minds alert so that you can judge me wisely okay so that better judge means so that you can judge me wisely and he says keep your your minds alert listen to me carefully keep your minds alert be quiet so that you can listen to every word at the same time be aware of what I am and my honor in society right I hope it's clear now then he says if there is anyone in this assembly of men okay who is a dear friend of Julius Caesar to that person to that person I say that brutus's love for for Caesar was not less than that person's love for Caesar you understand that I did not love Caesar any less than that person who says that Caesar U was a great friend of his a dear friend of his if then that friend demand why if then that friend wants to know he asks why did Brutus Revolt Ro against means why did I rebel against Julius Caesar then this is my answer then this is the answer I would want to give to that person who says that Caesar was a dear friend of us clear great not that I loved Caesar less but that I loved Dr more I want to tell that person this is my answer that it does not I did not revolt against Cesar I did not rise against Caesar because I did not love Caesar it is only because I loved Rome much more so he's trying to compare his love for Caesar with his love for Rome and he says his love for Rome is much much more than his love for Caesar and then he says what do you rather Caesar were living and die all slaves than that Caesar were dead to live all free men so he says that would you prefer that Caesar was alive and all of us were slaves or would you prefer that Caesar was dead and all of us were alive so what he's doing is to present a choice between slavery and freedom what would you prefer so he's saying that if Caesar was alive it would result in slavery for all men of Rome including him and anyone who claims to be a dear friend of Caesar on the other hand if Caesar was uh dead it would result in Freedom for everyone involved so this particular line is very important please mark it also from an examination point of view in fact this part of the passage is extremely important and I hope you have understood the gist of what he really wants to convey so he's trying to convey he's presenting them an option that is this what you would want it wanted and that's why I had decided to kill Julius Caesar along with the other conspirators and then he says as Caesar loved me I weep for him I he loved me the guy loved me and I weep for the fact that he is no more as he was fortunate I Rejoice at it so he says as he had so much of Good Fortune I Rejoice I feel happy for that as he was Brave Valiant means brave I honor him but because he was ambitious I killed him so I killed him because he was ambitious I killed him because his death would mean freedom for everyone in Rome you understand so he says that all these other qualities I celebrated Julius Caesar but because he was ambitious he wanted to rule over all of us that's why I decided to slay him there is tears for love joy for his fortune honor for his Valor and death for his ambition so he's once again repeating that so he says that there are thear for his love the fact that you know he loved me there is joy for his fortune you know his good luck there is honor for his bravery and his courage but there is death for his ambition who is here so based that would be a bond man I want to know from all of you out here that who is here so wretched base means wretched who is here so wretched that he would want to be a Bor man Bor man means who would want to be a slave who would not want freedom and liberty and Independence if any if there is anyone like that speak up speak to me right now because in that would mean if there is someone who wants to be a slave it would mean that I have offended that person by killing Julius Caesar by killing Julius Caesar I have offended that particular person that's what it means so I would want that person to speak up who is here so rude that would not be a Roman he says that who is here so um rude means uncivilized who is here so uncivilized who wouldn't want to be a proud Roman you know a Roman who feels happy about the fact that he is a free citizen if there is any speak up so you see the way he's constructing his speech he says because that person also I have offended who is here so wild that will not love his country he says that who is here while means despicable you know evil [Music] evil despicable who will not love his country if there is any speaker because that means I offended that person I will wait for a reply I pause for a reply everyone says there is no one like that here Brutus that we kind of agree with what you are saying Brutus says then that that means I have offended No One by killing Caesar I have done no more to Caesar than you shall to Brutus he says that I have done no more to Caesar that you would do to Brutus you know that there is nothing more that I have done there's nothing wrong that I have done the question of his death is enrolled in the capital which means that the reasons for his death are mentioned in the official record it's like an fi kind of a thing the reasons for his death are mentioned in the official records they're recorded at the capital and His glory you know his Fame Glory his The Good Deeds that he was known for extenuated which means they are not reduced it's not as though we have said that he was a petty criminal who we have killed no we have recorded what he was renowned for and wherein he was worthy nor his offenses enforced enforced means their his his mistakes like his ambition they have not been exaggerated you know it's not as though we have only mentioned and exaggerated the mistakes for which we decided to kill him for which he suffered death right so we have not kind of exaggerated that nor have we reduced his glory and his good qualities right so what he's trying to say is that we have been extremely fair in our assessment of Julius Caesar after his death at that point in time Anthony and others enter with Julius Caesar's body we saw that at the end of scene one that he gets the servant to help him bring the body there so that's what Anthony uh does so Caesar's body is now brought to the platform Here Comes his body Moan by Mark Anthony who though he had no hand in his death shall receive the benefit of his dying a place in the Commonwealth as which of you shall not now what is he trying to say he says here comes the body of Julius Caesar and it is mourned by his friend Mark Anthony who I must point out had absolutely no role to play in The Killing in the murder in the assassination of Julius Caesar but even though he did not have a role to play in the murder he will benefit by the passing away of Caesar because now he will have a place in the Commonwealth which means that a place means he will be a free citizen he will be a free citizen in the Commonwealth as all of you will be each one of you will also be a free citizen there will be nobody who will be a slave of any kind with these words I depart that as I slew my best lover for the good of Rome lover again means friend best friend I have the same dagger for myself when it shall please my country to need my debt so he says with with these words I depart from here because as I killed my best friend for the good of Rome I will keep the same dagger for myself that what I will do what I will do is to keep the same dagger for myself with which I stabbed Julius Caesar so that I can use it to kill my myself in order to please my country whenever my country needs my killing I can use the same dagger to kill myself so that's what he is talking about and in a way it kind of foreshadows what will happen later all live brutas so they all hail brutas they are very happy with what he had to say with what they listen so he says let us triumphantly carry him to his home let us make a statue for him with his ancestors let him be Caesar that is let him take Caesar's place and the fourth CTI says Caesar's better Parts shall be crowned in Brutus that we shall Crown Brutus because he has Caesar's better qualities right so Brutus says my countrymen and second citizen says peace peace silence Brutus is once again speaking Brutus says good countrymen let me depart alone let me go out alone and for my sake stay here with Anthony do Grace to Caesar's cops that is pay respects to the dead body of Julius Caesar and Grace his speech respectfully listen Grace means respectfully listen to Mark Anthony's speech tending to Caesar's glories he will be talking about the glory of Julius Caesar which Mark Anthony with our permission is allowed to do so he's allowed to make his speech here at the pulpit with our permission so is making clear the equations between them that he needs to seek permission from Brutus and the other conspirators so I do entreat you not a man depart I entreat you means I do request you that not one of you should actually move entreat means ask request whatever uh save I alone accept me accept me till Anthony speaks none of you should go except me okay and then exits from there the first citizen says stay hold let us hear Mark Anthony so he says let him go to the P Pulpit we she hear him Noble Anthony go up for Anthony says for Brutus sake I am beholding to you saying that for the sake of brutas I am indebted to each one of you right that you are choosing to be here and listen to me and he goes into the pulpit for say what and now the F citizen has only in that whole noise he has only heard the word Brutus he's only heard brutus's name being mentioned and he asked the other citizen the third citizen what did he say about Brutus so he says he for Brutus sake that he's indebted to all of us the fourth citizen says oh well good he should not say anything negative about Brutus so first citizen says the Caesar Julius Caesar was a tyrant because he's you see there getting swayed by what brutas had to say so third citizen says yes that's certain we are lucky we are that Rome is rid of him we have kind of got rid of Julius Caesar the second citizen says silence let's hear what Anthony has to say Anthony says you Gentle Romans s says silence let's hear him this line is along withu Brutus this is probably the most popular line of the playu Brutus and then French Romans gentle countrymen lend me your ears now many uh politicians and leaders and Statesman AC Statesmen across the country across the world also have used this kind of a line later on in the 19th century 18th century Etc so he says lend me your ear means give me your attention lend me your ear he's not asking for your ear he's saying give me your attention Okay this is a very important passage even from the examination point of view I come to BU Caesar not to praise him saying that I I have come here for the funeral of Julius Caesar I have not come here to praise him the evil whatever evil people do men do lives after them people remember the evils that people men do even after they are dead and gone however the good that they do is often buried with their bones you know no one remembers the good that they do but the evil things that they did always stays on people remember the negative qualities of a person or the negative Deeds that a person often did so let it be with Caesar the noble Brutus has told you that Caesar was ambitious he wanted to achieve something more if that was the case it was a very very serious fault Grievous means it was a serious fault that if Caesar was in indeed ambitious wanted to achieve more than what he had was a serious fault and that also means and grievously had Caesar answered it and Caesar has paid for it with his life grievously you know he has seriously I mean what can be serious he has paid for it with his life paid for it with his life means that he kind of lost his life why because he was ambitious and that's a serious fault to have here under leave of Brutus and the rest what does he mean what does a SLE mean means here with the permission of Brutus and the rest because Brutus is an honorable man he's constantly praising him and this word will keep coming on honorable he means that he's someone who is respected he's a respectable citizen of Rome so Brutus is an honorable man come I so they are all all of them all the conspirators they're actually Honorable Men come I to speak in Caesar's funeral that is with their permission with the permission of all these Honorable Men Brutus and the rest I come here to speak at Caesar's funeral he was my friend faithful and just to me okay just to me means he was true to me right he was true to me so he's talking about the relationship they had the Friendship they had but Brutus says he was ambitious and Brutus is an honorable man so you see he saying something and constantly patting up by saying something good about brutas but it seems you you would realize that there is a tinge of sarcasm in the way he keeps on repeating you are a good man you are a good student you are a good student of course you are a good student I repeat this a dozen times by the eighth time you would think sir you really mean so are you being a little sarcastic right you would get that out same thing he's going to do he's going to keep on repeating and Brutus was an is an honorable man so you get a doubt he's I mean where is the need for him to repeat it so many times he had brought SE many captives for home to Rome he says Julius Caesar fought many battles now in battles what happens is when you win a war the opposite the Rival uh Army U soldiers are taken as prisoners of War I mean in modern day Parliament they it is referred to as P right so captives is referring to the prisoners of war and in order to return in those times of course now what happens is some kind of treaty between two countries Etc what happens is what used to happen at that point in time was that you had to pay a ransom money in order to get your soldiers who are captive prisoners of War freed so and that would add more money to your coffers coffers means the wealth of Rome the ex cheer of Rome so Julius Caesar actually helped increase the wealth of Rome did Caesar appear ambitious by doing so because he was doing it for the sake of Rome how is Caesar ambitious if he's trying to increase the wealth of Rome that's what county is posing a question he's putting that in the minds of people I mean Brutus says that Caesar was ambitious and Brutus he's an honorable man but this is what Caesar did does this indicate ambition question mark you realize how Anthony is proceeding because what Brutus has done is by labeling uh Caesar as ambitious by labeling Caesar as somebody someone who would result whose rule would result in slavery for everyone he has damned Caesar he has been very critical and painted Caesar as a negative kind of a Persona what Anthony is doing is to present the arguments on the other side but because he has got he's being able to do this with the permission of Brutus gas and the others so he has to tread extremely carefully so he's doing this you know he's doing this extremely carefully so that he does not I'm sure I mean there would be Brutus spice listening to him out there who would report back saying that ah you gave him permission but listen how he swayed the crowd against you so he's not doing that overtly he's doing that covertly by kind of being extremely careful in the manner in which he's swaying the crowd so this is Step number one then he says when that the poor have cried Caesar hath we that whenever the poor people of Rome cried Caesar also shed tears along with them ambition should be made of sterners stuff but I mean you call him ambition but an ambitious person would be a more Stern kind of person not the kind of person who would shed tears for the poor people but then Brutus calls him an ambitious person and Brutus is in honorable man that's what he says right then he says you all please note down in terms of points the way I'm explaining it one two if you do that it makes it so much easier question answer I'm telling you now please do not buy any kind of question Bank okay I will provide you with the success test papers Point number two don't be workbook obsessed I find this Obsession among students especially class 9 and 10 with the workbook nauseating and I'll say why I'm I using a strong word like nauseating because in your board examinations nowhere I repeat no nowhere will you get a question which is taken from the workbook the kind of questions that you would be asked in the board examinations will be absolutely different so you need to train your mind and step one for that would be this to understand every line understand the the thinking behind the characters of Mark Anthony and brutas and once you do that the way I'm explaining it it will be a walk in the park for you you will find it very easy so please do not be workbook obsessed okay you all did see that on the lupal I thce presented him a kingly crown which he did Thrice refuse so then he reminds him of what happened during the lupac call which we saw in act one scene two if I remember right yeah so he says that when on the Luper call I offered Caesar the Royal Crown three times and all three times he refused was that ambition would that I mean wouldn't an ambitious person who wants to go up the ladder wouldn't he say h you are going to be made the head boy of your school or the head girl of your school would you say no no no I don't want it right you would be if you don't that would mean you're not ambitious but if you do it would show that you're ambitious Caesar refused so how is he going to be called as ambitious by Brutus that's what he's asking he's raising these questions and making and forcing and compelling and nudging the people of Rome to use their mind and think which they have not though Brutus said use your minds to think use your wisdom to think they actually did not use their minds now Mark Anthony is compelling them Soo how did you believe every every word of what he said think about it the the instances that I'm telling you does that in any way indicate that Julius Caesar was ambitious for which he was killed now he says I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke now he's trying to tread carefully cautiously he says I am not here to refute dispro disprove means I'm not here to contradict refute or contradict what Brutus spoke but I'm here to speak about what I know because Caesar was my friend you all did love Caesar at one point in time remember act one scene one you all of you loved Caesar at one point in time and you had reasons not without cause you had reasons to love him what cause withholds you now what is it what has changed that stops you from Mourning for Caesar's death what has changed and then he says oh judgment Thou Art fled to brutish Beast so he says you have escaped fled means judgment means they are not using their minds they're not using their sense of judgment so you have escaped which means that they they don't have Jud sense of judgment so it has escaped to Brut brsh Beast brutish Beast means evil beast and men have lost their reason bear with me means I apologize for the Outburst because I'm getting emotional so please bear with me please I'm sorry for this Outburst so kind of apologize for this Outburst my heart is in the coffin there with Caesar you know my heart is out there my heart is bleeding for my friend Caesar who is no more and I must pause till my heart comes back to me because my heart is there that's why I'm speaking with so much of emotion raw emotion First Citizen now the first Floy has worked so the First Citizen and Frankly Speaking there isn't anything wrong really in what he said first Citi says well I think there is a lot of uh sense in what he says much reason means I think what he's saying is does make sense if thou consider rightly of the matter Caesar has had great wrong that he suffered if you think correctly he actually seems to have suffered a what was done to Caesar was not right third citizen says has he Masters I fear there will be worse come in his place that there will be someone who will be worse than Caesar I mean who will come now it seems to indicate that he does not think highly of Caesar but the person who will take his place would be worse than his him for Cesar Mark do his words he would not take the crown therefore it is certain he was not ambitious so he said did you listen to what he said at the end that he did not take the crown during the Loper Cur that means that he was not ambitious first C says that if it be found so that if it is found that he was indeed not ambitious someone will have to pay the price for it pay heavily dear abide it means someone will have to pay heavily for this means we'll have to face the consequences okay second citizen poor soul his eyes are red as fire with weeping look at Mark Anthony his eyes are red because he's been crying there's not a more noble person in Rome than Mark Anthony so they're all kind of getting swayed by Mark POS say now listen to him be quiet because he's once again speaking Mark anony second speech one of the reasons why I discontinued the courses was were many reasons and I don't want to go into it because that would mean being a little negative but I really wish you know there are some students who tend to be extremely negative toxic and I saw no reason for that for the sake I mean I don't I mean as someone with self-respect and I'm sure you would also agree I'm sure your parents would agree that I don't think any person with self-respect will have those kind of things said to him or her just because someone pays some, 1500 rupees for a period of 12 to 13 months I mean which I mean works out to be some 100 rupees change and I don't think anyone can give anyone that right I I don't think that's wrong so I do completely agree that if I had done this as a course and I'm not see for me it's like this whether I do the video as part of the course or whether I do it on YouTube the quality will be the same the quality will be the same for the simple reason that it is my brand it's brand sud so when I do it it has to be of the top quality like when I write my political columns um someone for the political column May make May would give me x amount of money another publication another website may give me another amount of money but but it does not mean that if a is paying less than b is paying more I will write a superior piece for b no it is coming from me with my by line so it is mandatory for me that my quality Remains the Same it does not make a difference whether person x p one amount and person X space two times amount does not matter my quality is what matters so the quality of the videos will be absolutely the same yes I would not be providing the notes because that's another story and I thought I was quite dismayed by how theft seems to be quite acceptable even by people who call themselves sir and you know big teachers including two big YouTubers I was quite dismayed as how in an extremely clandestine manner they actually steal someone else's content and I feel extremely dismayed and disillusioned and English see it's not like you know I uh look up some book and just keep copying from there I make my own notes I write my own question and answers I mean you would be surprised and that's why I say you know U I always believe that there needs to be vitamin G vitamin G I believe vitamin gratitude I still remember there was one poem by sarini NAU uh the tombs of Hyderabad if I remember right it was in the Telangana intermediate board and um it was a very complex poem I you know who I reached out to it's been more than 30 years since I passed out of college I reached out to my professor in college and she sent me the explanation for each of the stances and I was teaching my daughter and she said wow it was great quality and I'm I'm able to do so why because I have maintained that contact even three decades after passing out of colle I really believe relationships are important and I find it very very surprising students who I mean who don't think twice before I mean just because you have paid someone does not make that person your slave and I thought that mindset was nauseating and I thought it's okay for me not to do any more courses so you are paying for the sins of your previous batch I don't like to say this but that's precisely what happened and I was it was completely put off and pretty much in October November itself I decided that this is going to be my last F I will not do any more courses and you know anyway let's not have this negative thing I want to be positive I will teach everything in great detail you will not need any other help please do not invest in this workbook that workbook you will not need it entire literature entire history entire Civics entire English language entire geography and uh biology I will try I'm not promising because I also have cbsc 10th 11th 12th I have Maharashtra 11th and 12th plus there are some other plans plus this is election season so you know it becomes very difficult I'm doing this in the middle of the election season where I have to write two columns every day so please bear with me and please don't keep saying though whenever I'm getting time I'm doing this it takes a lot of effort okay let's get back to this now but yesterday the word of Caesar might have stood against the world Now lies he there and none so poor to do him reverence so what he's saying is that just yesterday till yesterday no one would have dared to go against the word of Caesar the word of Caesar means that no one would have stood against the commands of Caesar that if Caesar said something no one would have dared to defy him and say that no I will not do what you are saying or what you're ordering right but look at him now he lies there and none is so humble poor means humble and no one is so humble enough to pay him respect reverence means respect that no one is humble enough to pay homage to pay their last respects to the dead Julius Caesar so he's being a touch sarcastic here he's trying to poke at the conscience of the people because yes he may have overheard what they were saying so he's trying to poke them okay no one is humble enough to pay respects for this guy till yesterday no one would have dared to defy the commands of Julius Caesar oh Masters if I were disposed to stir your hearts and Minds to Mutiny and rage I should do Brutus wrong so he says but Masters means oh s he's refering to them respectfully s if I were disposed that is if I were trying to incite okay to stir your minds in I mean if I was trying to incite your hearts and Minds to Rebel okay if I was trying to get you guys to revolt and rebel and get angry rage means to get angry I would be doing a huge wrong to Brutus because he's the one who gave me permission to speak at the pulpit and Casas who you all know are Honorable Men so I will not do any wrong to Brutus and Casas I rather choose to wrong the dead instead what I will do is to wrong the dead wrong myself and wrong all you guys instead of wronging those Honorable Men so he's being extremely sarcastic very clever with the way he's kind of putting it but here is a parchment with the Seal of Caesar now he's showing up a paper okay with the Royal seal moar of Caesar he found it in his private chamber closet means private chamber this is his will will you know it's a legal document which people make which is to be read after the person is dead and gone to his children to his extended family to say that this person after his in his will has left his house to the eldest son his um wealth to his daughter to the jewelry to the granddaughter you know it's XY Z kind of thing I'm just giving an example so that's the will so Caesar has actually left a will he says let but the commons hear this Testament so he says that if the common people if the common people were to hear this will if they hear this will which pardon me I'm not planning to read but if the common people actually now it's like this you see I have uh checked all the answer scripts uh but I will tell you the marks only next week what will be your reaction before your teacher you will say uh no sir no ma'am uh any even failed um what is the highest Mark you have given uh how many students have got above 90 you will ask right so he's just trying to make them curious he's saying there's a will which Caesar has left I found it in his private chamber but I have no intention of reading it out to you now so he's making them curious because he knows they would want to know so he says he doesn't say he says and they would go and kiss dead Caesar's wounds that if you come to know what he wrote In His will you would actually go and kiss the wounds of the Dead Caesar and dip your napkins in his sacred blood your handkerchiefs in his sacred blood and then you will beg to have a hair of his from his body from his head for your memory B we would keep it as memory of juliia Caesar and then then when the commoners would die they would have left it they would have mentioned it in their will that we are leaving the handkerchief and the hair as we are bething it that is we are leaving it for our descendants because it is a valuable precious treasure so we are leaving it for our descendant so that's how you will behave if I told you what he has written in his way will predictably enough the four citizen says we will hear the will read it Mark Anthony the will the will we will hear Cesar's will Anthony says have patience gentle friends I must not read it it is not me you know how Caesar loved you he says it is not proper for you meat means it's not proper it is not proper for you to know how Caesar loved you because you are not wood you're not stones but you're men and being men bearing the will of Caesar it will inflame you okay it is not proper for you to know how Caesar loved you how much Cesar loved you because you're not wood you're not inanimate objects you are not Stones you are men and being men and being men it would anger you inflame you you means if you come to know about the will it will anger you tremendously inflame you it will make you mad you know you'll go crazy pray he wrote this and they killed him it will make you extremely agitated it is good you know not that you are his hires so he says it's better that you do not know that you are his HS that you have inherited something from juliia Caesar a means people who get something in inheritance for if you should oh what would come of it because if you did know just imagine what would happen What would come off it just imagine what would happen if you came to know that you are his inheritance fourth citizen says read the will we will hear it Anthony you will read the will to us Caesar's will Anthony says will you be the four citizen seems to be you know someone who is very impatient Anthony says will you be patient will you stay a while I have overshot myself to tell you of it I fear I Wrong The Honorable Men whose daggers have stabbed Caesar I do fear it so he says will you be patient will you stay a while you know Hindi he says I have spoken more than what I intended to overshot means I have spoken overs spoken or or rather uh spoken more than I should have or I intended to I fear that I have wronged The Honorable Men who whose daggers stabbed Caesar I fear that I have that is you know they gave me the permission but I spoke more than what I should have so in that sense I have done something wrong to The Honorable Men but this time he adds something he says The Honorable Men Who Killed whose daggers killed Caesar so he's gently turning the knife okay it's a it's an idiot they were traitors so now look at the first time it's beginning to have an effect this the fourth citizen says they were traitors they were traitors the people who you call Honorable Men they were actually traitors I mean that's why there's an exclamation mark it's almost like huh Honorable Men they were traitors all of them say please read out the will The Testament same thing will Testament second citizen says they were villains murderers the will read the will Anthony says you will compel me then to read the will you're compelling me you're putting pressure on me you're forcing me to read the will then make a circle around the cops of dead body of Caesar and let me show you him that made the will let me show you the person who wrote that will let me show you the person who actually wrote the will so shall I come down and will you give me permission to come down leave to come down now you should be knowing all this okay several come down descend you shall have permission Anthony comes down the four citizen says let's make a ring the first s seems to be some kind of a ring leader right the first sent say stand from the h stand from the body that is maintain some kind of distance from the coffin her means pronunciation the coffin stand away from the body second citizen says room for Anthony that is make some space for Anthony and he says don't press so much against me kind of stand some distance away don't you know you know don't push me several c stand back room room means create space bear back means move back Anthony says if you have tears prepare to shed tears right now you all do know this mantle mantle the cloak the Overcoat kind of thing which those times the Nobles would wear I remember the first time Caesar put it on so he's talking about his own relationship with Caesar he says I remember the first time that Caesar actually wore this particular cloak mantle it was on a summer evening in his tent that day he overcame the nervy so he says that was the day he overcame means he defeated the the nervy soldiers the nervy Army he's referring to one particular battle look in this place ran cassia's dagger through and at this place in the cloak that's where Casas has stabbed him and his dagger has gone through so there is a hole right and there is a wound see what a rent the envious Casa made he says see the tear in the cloak that jealous Casa mvs means jealous Casa has made so so he's kind of when you're using Kasa you can always use this particular adjective for him okay he says through this showing another hole the well beloved Brutus stabbed you know he's using a positive adjective for Brutus well knowing very well that he has managed to kind of change but he from his side he's not saying anything wrong about them he's provoking them to say it but he will not say it at this point in time he says and as he PL the cursed steel away cursed steel is referring to the dagger the dagger is made of steel right so he's talking about the cursed because that's what resulted in the death of Caesar Mark how the blood of Caesar followed it and when he kind of pulled it out the blood of Caesar gushed out as rushing out of doors as though it was kind of the door had been opened and all the blood was coming out of his body body to be resolved if Brutus so unkindly knocked or not or no so he says you know to it is as if the blood wanted to make sure wanted to check that it was Brutus who was who had very in a very unkind manner knocked at the door so he's kind of using here he's using the use of as he's using a cili but is also using it the blood is almost like personified as if it is coming out to see whether it is Brutus who was the one who had knocked at the door to get the blood to come gushing out so it's a use of simile as well as personification of blood as a literary device so he says for Brutus because Brutus you know was Caesar's angel angel as in he's saying favorite companion so he's trying to emphasize the fact that Brutus was a friend who stabbed him in the back who kind of you know doad who betrayed him treachery treason judge oh you Gods how dearly Caesar loved him so he says that oh Gods how dearly Caesar loved him you need to know you can judge this was the most unkindest cut of all now this was the most unkindest means this was the most cruel look at how he's using most unkindness so it's what he's using is called a double superlative in order to emphasize otherwise you will say most unkind or you will just say unkindest but he's using it double superlative for when the noble Caesar saw him stab because when Caesar saw Brutus stabbing now you may always wonder how did he know he was not there but we will give Shakespeare the benefit of Doubt for that because when Caesar the noble Caesar saw Brutus stabbing him in gratitude more strong than traitor's arms quite vanquished him quite ironical that I just now is talking to you about gratitude and vitamin G so he says that when Caesar saw Brutus stab it was brutus's ingratitude more than the weapons of the traitors that completely defeated him that completely conquered him right vanquished him is that completely demolished conquered Julius Caesar that his ingratitude that lack of gratitude of Brutus that killed him much more than all the weapons of the traitors dagers much more than that the ingratitude of Brutus is what sted him I'm feeling like Julius Caesar pretty much so because it was I mean I don't want people to be grateful but I just want people to be decent about things and I think that's something which everyone your parents your teachers and anyone you know even you if you have done something good for someone you would expect that other person to be thankful to you grateful to you or at least have a sense of oh when I needed something that person helped me wouldn't you want like that and I think that is unfortunate lacking and I always tell my students at least I mean my co students always used to say in YouTube I will not have that kind of a rapper always try to be a good human being because there is huge huge power in being a good human being trust me there's huge power in being a good human being because when you are positive yourself you attract a lot of positive energy lot of positive energy if you do something wrong to somebody trust me karma is something which will always come back to hit you in the same manner it will come back to hit you in the same manab know there's someone up there who is a fantastic charted accountant who keep keeps you know in the balance sheet they kind of this thing so don't do anything wrong to anyone just do the good things it will come back to you with interest with compounded interest it will come back to you trust me there's a lot of power in doing good to people in thinking good about people being positive to people even to say it should never you know if someone is doing better than you don't think that you know that person should come down I wish that person should feel no think that I should do as good as that person there must be something better that he's doing than me which I should look to emulate trust me if you fill yourself with this kind of a positive energy with a sense of gratitude for people even if it is someone who you're thirsty someone gives you a body bottle of water have that sense of gratitude he's giving you the nectar of life if someone holds the door for you or you're carrying too many things someone says that okay let me help you carry some of your stuff thank that person because that person need not have done that but he's doing it because he also wants to feel good that I helped somebody do that to three other people it's a great feeling you will think in my Beach May I of a sguru sadguru is a great personality I met him Jan 2023 at K okay where was I yeah then burst his mighty heart it was it that's what burst his mighty heart the heart of Caesar being described as Mighty that's what burst his mighty heart and in his mantle muffling up his face the cloak which kind of covered his face even at the base of pompy statue where he lay right inside the Senate which all the while ran blood great Caesar fell right while which all the while ran with blood that whole place was a bloody mess great Caesar fell oh what a fall was there my countrymen then I and you and all of us fell down then all of us fell down while bloody treason flourished over us while bloody treason means talking about the treachery FL flourished over us because they are the ones who are feeling happy right so with the fall of Caesar what he's trying to say is that with the fall of Caesar you I all of us have also fallen down we've all fallen down along with the fall of Caesar because Caesar did not deserve this ingratitude he did not deserve this lack of gratitude which hurt him which burth his mighty heart much more than all those weapons made of steel that's what he's trying to say so he says the dent of pity oh now You Weep and I perceive you feel the dent of pity so he says that now all of you are Weeping and I can see you are Weeping and I I know I can see that you Fe the pain the dent means the pain the pain of pity so he says these are honorable drops the tears in your eyes he says kind gracious means honorable kind Souls what weep you when you but behold so he says kind Souls What You Do You Weep only when you see Caesar's wounded cloak you will weep only when you see these wounds look you here here he himself marred as you see with traitors he says look at his body which has been mutilated by these traitors and for the first time he uses the word traitors instead of honorable that's a big change they have said villains and traitors now Anthony uses the word traitors instead of Honorable Men because he realizes that he has managed to change the mind of the people the citizens of Rome so he says look at these wounds they are mutilated mutilated means M mutilated means you know that whole body of Caesar has been stabbed so many times it's so bloody and opening up like doors right so he says so he lifts Caesar's cloak the first citizen says Oh What a Sad side Pious spectacle which means what a sad sight what a sad day oh traitors villains most bloody sight we will take revenge we will be revenged means we will take Revenge Revenge about now what do you say let's go let's find them let's burn them let's kill them let's slay them means butcher them let not a traitor live so he has managed to push them into a state of Civil War and revolt against the conspirators the traitors stay countrymen he says wait so they say okay let's hear what he has to say we will hear him we will follow him we will diee with him and look what a contrast it is if you get these kind of lines you will know you need to always contrast it to what they how they behaved even with brutas even with brutas they wanted to carry him and celebrate him in Triumph to his house so these guys always public if it's a great orator the great orator can always sway the public with the power of his or her oratory so the public always has to think yes great orator but easy speaking the truth because great orators Sometimes using the power of their speech also speak a lot of lies so you need to be able to kind of separate the Sha from the wheat as they say so that's very important Brutus they got sway but Mark anthonyy also in a very manipulative way even though he's speaking the truth he's able to convince them about what he has to say about Julius Caesar's death and the manner of his killing good friends Sweet friends let me not incite you up to such a sudden flood of muttin let me not kind of make you Revol that they have done this deed are honorable that the people who have done this are honorable again he's being a little sarcastic what private griefs they have alas I know not so he says that the people who did this are Honorable Men however what private griefs as in what personal grudges you know they may have some kundak some grudge against Caesar personal grudges grudges they had against Caesar uh I don't know about so then he says that made them do it they are wise and honorable and will no doubt with reasons answer you that the guys who did this are wise and honorable and they will give you the reasons why they did what they did I do not come to steal away your loyalty Hearts means I'm not coming here to make you disloyal to Brutus Casas and the rest I'm no orator as Brutus is I'm not as good an orator not as good a speaker as Brutus is but all you know I am a plain blunt man means someone who speaks mind someone who loved his friend I loved my friend Caesar and that's what makes me speak the way I am speaking and that they know full well that gave me public leave to speak of him and they are aware of this and they gave me permission uh those who gave me permission to speak about Caesar know this fact very well that I am a plain blunt Man Who Loved his friend right for I have neither wit wit means intelligence nor words the power power of oratory okay with the power of oratory nor worth means nor the reputation that someone like a Brutus has nor you know the kind of body language nor the eloquence that is you know the articulation the power of articulation not the power of speech to be able to incite men I only speak right on I tell you B yourselves do know show you sweet SE wounds poor dumb poor poor dumb mouths okay so he's saying that I only say what I think and what you already know I will show you sweet Caesar's wounds those poor poor speechless mouths and ask them to speak for me that Caesar's wounds which have opened up they're almost like because they're red in color uh they're almost like poor mouths but they cannot speak so they are dumb they are speechless they are like speechless mouth because they cannot articulate okay the wounds of Julius Caesar and bid them to speak for me so this is very strange because he's saying they're dumb but he's also saying that let them speak for me which is a contradiction in terms but were I Brutus and Brutus Anthony that if I was Brutus and Brutus was Anthony right then that Anthony would kind of inite you and he would put a tongue in every wound of Julius Caesar and that would make every stone of Rome to rise up in rebellion and Revolt so that's what he's saying that if it was Brutus if Brutus was Anthony he would make he would inide each one of you to rebel against the traitors and the conspirators so he's kind of this is a very important line very powerful line so he's saying that's what Brutus would have done that so AG Brutus so that means if Brutus who has been describing as an honorable man he did something like this he would do this so that means it is the right thing to do to rise up in Mutiny so everyone says we will Revolt we will burn the house of brutal yes let's go and search for the conspirators and say listen to me peace let's listen to him he says why you go to do what you know sorry why friends you go to do you know not what so he says you do not know what you're doing you do not know what you are doing wherein hath Caesar thus deserved your love so he says what has Caesar done to deserve your love so now he's making them a little emotional so he says alas you don't know so I must tell you you have forgotten about the will I told you about a time will tell you about the will right so he says let me tell you about the will what has Caesar done to deserve your love he says haha let's listen about the will they come across a such beu flow so he shows them the will he says this is having having Caesar's seal so which means it's a uh legitimate original reliable document he says to every Roman citizen photosh to every Roman citizen he gives to every several man 75 rmas this is silver coins I hope I pronounced this correctly I didn't check so he says he's in his will he has said that to every Roman citizen he will give 75 silver coins so everyone says oh most no everybody is very happy he say we will take revenge for his death oh Royal Caesar Anthony says listen to me with patience moreover he has left all his walks his private Arbors Arbors is the gardens okay where he has also the Orchards the fruit orchards or the flower Orchards whatever where he goes for walks in order to relax on this side of the Tiber River he has left them you to all your hairs forever common Pleasures okay so basically basically what he has done is to leave all the public gardens common Pleasures means the public gardens the uh private Arbors are his private Gardens okay uh to walk abroad and recreate for all of you to relax so for the good of Rome here was a Caesar you know this was Caesar here was a Caesar where will there be another Caesar can there be another Caesar look at how Noble he is left you some money left you all his property uh for you to enjoy never never come away come away we will burn his body in the Holy place and with the bran fire the traitor's house that is we will burn his body in the Holy place in the sacred temples of Rome those are also called The Sacred temples of Rome and with the same fire we will set fire to the houses of the traitors so let's take up the body let's fight the fire he says pluck down the benches that is get some benches for wood in order to to light the fire plug down forms Windows anything that is any window sells anything and the citizens leave with the body anony says now let it work Mischief thou art a foot take thou what course thou will now he's speaking to himself no one is around so he says now let it work now let it work means okay let it start trouble you have begun Mischief means trouble you have begun take thou what course thou wit means take any form as you will you know Mischief has started trouble has started take any form it can be arson it can be murder it can be rioting whatever take any form that it will and we'll see that in scene three at that time a servant enters enters he says what's up my man so Octavius has already come to Rome he say very easy he and lipus are at Caesar's house so he says then I will go straight to visit him he comes upon a wish which means that he Has Come Just As I wished you know I wished for him to come Fortune is Merry Fortune is very happy today and in this mood it it is likely to give us anything so Fortune is referred to I mean is like lady Fortune so she's in a good mood today and when she's in a good mood she's likely to give us anything you know that we would want to have so servant said I heard him say brutas and casses are read like Mad Men through the gates of Rome so he gives him a piece of information so he says that I heard Octavius say that brutas and Casas rode their horses you know he's talking about the horses that they were on the on Horseback they rode their horses like Mad Men to escape through the gates of Rome so they have fled Rome because probably they have come to know of what happened here so he says that they probably received warning notice means warning that they had some warning somebody must have told them what has happened here of the people how I had moved them how I had moved them means how I had incited how I had stirred the people of Rome and he says take me to octavus okay so with this I come to the end of this longish scene act 3 scene 2 I hope I have done Justice to it I hope it's all very clear as to what transpires in the scene what are the motivations in the scene especially that of Mark Anthony before that for a brief file of brutas and what kind of impression you get about the citizens of Rome as conveyed through the four uh citizens so uh I hope uh this is clear and uh God bless you share the video with your friends subscribe to the channel and uh support the channel thank you very much tata bye