Urban Models for AP Human Geography

Introduction

• Review of seven urban models.
• Importance of understanding the bid-rent theory.
• Bid-rent theory: Land gets cheaper as you move away from the Central Business District (CBD).

Bid-Rent Theory

• Proximity to CBD:
  • Closer: High density, vertical expansion (e.g., skyscrapers).
  • Farther: Horizontal expansion, more green spaces (e.g., single-family homes).
• Impact on Land Use:
  • Near CBD: High cost and demand, limited land.
  • Farther: More residential zones, cheaper land.

Urban Models

1. Burgess Concentric Zone Model

• Structure:
  • Center: CBD with businesses/services.
  • Surrounding: Older homes, zones of transition (lower income, industries).
  • Outer rings: Working-class homes, better residential zones, commuter zones.
• Limitations: Dated due to globalization, urban renewal, gentrification.

2. Hoyt Sector Model

• Focus on Transportation:
  • City develops in sectors around transportation routes.
• Changes: Dated due to changes in transportation systems and urban sprawl.

3. Harris and Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model

• Multiple Centers:
  • Multiple CBDs (nodes with specific activities/services).
  • Each node attracts certain groups and repels others.

4. Galactic (Peripheral) Model

• Post-Industrial Focus:
  • Shift to service-based economy.
  • Acknowledges edge cities, robust infrastructure (e.g., Beltways).
• Example: Atlanta resembles this model.

5. Latin American City Model

• Colonial Influence:
  • Central Plaza/Square surrounded by government/religious buildings.
  • Wealthier spine extending from CBD.
  • Disamenity zones (extreme poverty, informal settlements).

6. Sub-Saharan African City Model

• Colonial Impact:
  • Three CBDs: Colonial, traditional, informal market zones.
  • Ethnic neighborhoods indicate segregation.

7. Southeast Asian City Model

• Port-Based:
  • No traditional CBD; centered on port due to trade.
  • Influence of colonial powers (e.g., alien commercial zones).
  • Mixed residential areas, some income-based segregation.

Conclusion

• Review of diverse city models across the world.
• Encourage practice and further study (resources available).
• Thank you note from Mr. Sin.