because there are literally millions of organic compounds will be impossible to remember common names to all right so you must have an IUPAC systematic method for naming them although some common names didn't exist there's going to be way like a lot of ways to do this but just make sure that you are making it coming up with your own way I'm going to be showing you my way the book might show you something else the goal is to organize yourself and I want to make sure we're starting off with some kind of foundation which is just naming organic compounds in general and then once we have those names in general then we can make specific changes based on each family that's attached and so for me what I do is I take any organic compound and I break the name into three part prefix a root and a suace we're going to go through each part and then we'll get some examples as we go along the root of an organic compound name is going to be based on the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain Branch or ring right so we're going all there thinking any kind of catenation we're going to take the longest continuous chain what does that actually mean as far as roots and once you figure out your longest continuous chain we'll talk about that later so let's do an example as you can see we have a carbon here here we have a bunch of carbons in this overall organic compound now the goal is that the roots is going to allow us to figure out the number of the longest continuous chain so what we want to do is actually start counting these carbons so carbon one here 2 3 four if I was to stop my counting here I would call this a four carbon chain what about the fact that there's three other carbons here is there another way I can actually count these carbons that's the goal okay and the answer will be yes instead of stopping at four here I can continue on with four five six seven here and so since I have one long chain that is seven carbons then I have to think of a root and a name associated with that root that's going to allow me to tell you exactly what um what that number is so for seven number of seven carbons the root is going to be hip that means that no matter what the name of this organic compound is the root of it is going to be that long carbon chain and so we see that these seven carbons make up the longest continuous chain that we can create if I was to start numbering um on the other side and put like a carbon one two 3 four here it will still be the same thing which is why I continuously went across as you change the number of carbons you're going to change the name of the root so one carbon you're going to have meth two carbons is e Pro but pint hex etc etc so the goal is this is definitely one of those flash car moments where you want to make sure that you have organic compounds or name an organic compounds on the front and then prefix root and suffix on the back with different examples okay folks what else do we notice we notice that yes we counted our carbons in a long continuous chain we still have this carbon here so what is that we're going to talk about that as we go along that's going to be attached to the prefix and we'll get to that later okay so we talked about the root the next part is going to be the suffix okay the suffix indicates the type of organic compound or a key functional group that that molecule possesses so if you have a double bond then your suffix will be the ending e n e e which is going to be e and we'll talk about that in the future okay so that means that if I have any double Bonds in My overall organic compound I will leave it as e and e we know it's Hep we already counted that seven 1 2 3 four five six and seven and now if we wanted to know the ending we would have to say what type of organic compound is this well as you can see it's only carbon carbon and carbon hydrogen bond that means that we're dealing with all single bonds and so we're dealing with um something that's going to be an alkane just from us reviewing what those hydrocarbons are okay so that means instead of just Hep I will add to my root and put a as my ending so this is actually kep chain but we still have to account for the CH ch3 group right we still have to ask ourselves wait a minute what is this ch3 group and how am I supposed to learn about naming that and that's going to be Nam so recently we talked about what the root is which is going to tell you the number of carbons and then we also talked about the suffix which going to tell you the family or the group that that those particular or that particular organic compound belongs to for our example we counted the longest continuous chain remember the root has to be the longest continuous chain of carbons so we counted the longest continuous chain as Hep okay and then we ended it with a because it's only made up of single bonds and carbon hydrogen bond that's how we're able to get the portion of the name heane but now we have to account for the ch3 group now as you can see this ch3 group is going to be attached to a carbon atom okay and this carbon atom is the one right here so we have this carbon atom is attached to a hydrogen another carbon and then is also going to be attached to the ch3 group as well so as you can see this is going to be attached to those two carbons the hydrogen and then the ch3 group so anytime you already have your parent chain Consolidated that's usually always going to be the first thing you do is figure out your longest continuous chain or your root portion and of course you can go ahead and do the family or the suffix next so once you have all those details anything that's still attached to the parent chain okay anything that's still attached to the parent chain or branching off of a carbon on the parent chain is called a substituent what is a substituent it simply just substitutes a carbon hydrogen bond for carbon and something else bond that can be another alocane that can be as you can see a ch3 group etc etc now once it's a hallogen will have a specific way to name it but when it is groups that are just simply going to be other carbon hydrogen groups then guess what they have their own name and they're also going to be called alkal groups Aly because it's going to be a part of um something that has carbon carbon and carbon hydrogen bonds which are like the hydrocarbons and then ill is going to be the suffix here because instead of just saying oh you know I have a root or a suffix now we have to add more details and say anything that's attached to my parent chain has to have its own name as well and it makes it a little easier because any group that we talked about methyl ethyl propyl um heptane like we saw like we see here they also can become alkal groups that means if as long as I have my parent chain anything that's attached to the parent chain as a substituent can be an aloh group and that's also going to depend on how many carbons are there so there's only one carbon here so one carbon is meth and then we'll put the ending methyl so that means there is a methyl group attached to whatever number carbon that we have here now we've already numbered ours before right let me go ahead and do that we already numbered ours before we know that this is Mark than one two 3 four five six seven so when it comes to a prefix there's a lot little bit more details you have to have one you have to know how many carbons are going to be creating this overall substituent and then with that you have to make sure you have the number of carbon and then ended with eel if it's going to be hallogen or anything else you just simply will write that and we'll see more details as we go along okay so I know that I have a methyl group the next thing you have to do when it comes to prefixes is you must have a location so of course you can have the name of the actual substituent and you need a location so location is going to be based on the carbon that it's attached to in that parent chain as you can see we have a carbon four here so we have to write four- methyl in our name with heptane okay so four- methyl heptane the four is coming from the actual location of the carbon the methyl is telling us the exact type of substituent heptane is what the actual longest carbon chain is and a because we have an alkan that we don't need so these are the three parts here now there's a little a little bit more details we have to talk about for example anytime you have a number next to a letter you must have a dash line in between but if it's two letters you don't have to have a dash on it another thing with um a prefix sometimes you can have more than one so say I had another ch3 group here then I would have D methyl but it will still be on carbon number four so I'll have to keep that in mind and because there's two of them I would have two numbers let me just rewrite that dial right I would have two numbers here so if I another methyl group here I would have four four dimethyl I had three it'll be trimethyl Tetra would be four methyl for example okay so the goal is that you're actually making sure that what prefix is you have the location of that actual um where that actual bond is happening and if you have more than one then one thing you need to do is make sure you have a number for each of the ones that you have and also a different prefix now another thing is I just told you that when you have a number and a letter next to one another you want to have a dash Mark when you have two numbers you simply just write a common so there a lot of little detail that we'll kind of keep on adding on um to the rest of the videos as we get more um I would say as we get more examples okay so just to reiterate the first thing that we did is we got our root we figured out the longest continuous carbon chain one two 3 four five six seven okay once we had seven we knew that's going to have the prefix Hep we also figured out our suffix or the family belongs to which is Alcan which is going to be a okay that's what going to be our ending and then we have the prefix which is basically anything that's not on the carbon chain on the parent carbon chain we have to consolidate so this is going to be a substituent it's only made of one carbon so that's going to be meth it's going to end in the y l or E ending okay so now I have to make sure that I have that methyl written down and I also have to have a location for that methyl group and I simply just bring down the full name so the name of the molecule we' just been seeing is going to be four methyl pane let's get some more practice