Lecture Notes: Shakespeare, Macbeth, and Political Context

Introduction

• Speaker begins with an imaginative exercise: imagining being extraordinarily skilled and performing for influential people.
• Compares this scenario to Shakespeare's life.

Shakespeare and His Patronage

• Shakespeare, originally from Stratford, becomes a leading playwright.
• Becomes a member of the King's Players, directly sponsored by King James.
• Shakespeare writes new plays and performs for the king and influential people.

Political Context and Challenges

• The reign of King James follows Elizabeth I.
• Christopher Marlowe, a contemporary playwright, was arrested and murdered, possibly politically motivated.
• Shakespeare had to navigate a dangerous political landscape where his favor could be lost suddenly.

The Gunpowder Plot

• 1605 Gunpowder Plot aimed to assassinate ruling families and the king.
• Plotters lived close to Shakespeare, raising suspicion about his Catholic ties.
• Uncertainty about Shakespeare's own religious beliefs and potential need for political alignment.

Symbolism in Macbeth

• Shakespeare uses symbolism to navigate political dangers.
• Medal created by King James depicted an innocent flower and serpent, referenced in "Macbeth."
• Lady Macbeth's line: "Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under't."

Themes of Appearance vs. Reality

• The play addresses themes of appearance and reality.
• Witches' chant "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" captures the essence of ambiguity.
• Reflects the uncertainty and danger in Shakespeare's political environment.

Political Messages in Macbeth

• Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony, for example, Duncan's remarks on Macbeth's castle.
• References to historical context, such as Essex's execution and marriage strategy.
• Speculation on whether Shakespeare’s plays were coded political messages.

Shakespeare's Personal Reflections

• Shakespeare may have reflected on the temporary nature of success and life.
• Macbeth's line "Life's but a walking shadow" as a metaphor for life's fleeting nature.

Conclusion

• Shakespeare's works were a blend of art and propaganda.
• He used his plays to send political messages and secure his position.
• The play "Macbeth" serves as both a dramatic masterpiece and a cautionary tale against regicide.