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Understanding Acid-Base and Redox Reactions

Apr 26, 2025

CHEM1003: Acid-Base Chemistry & Redox Reactions

Lecture Overview

  • Introduction to acid-base and redox reactions, crucial in natural and industrial processes.
  • Assumed knowledge includes atomic structure, electron configurations, periodic table, chemical bonding, and balanced equations.

Learning Process

  1. Read sections thoroughly, use supplementary materials.
  2. Attempt in-text problems for reinforcement.
  3. Learn key terms, using glossary if needed.
  4. Complete practice problems, with answers on Blackboard.
  5. Attend workshops or use discussion forums for additional support.

Part A: Acid-Base Chemistry

Importance

  • Acids and bases are vital in biological systems, household products, and industrial processes.

Common Acids and Bases

  • Acids: Contain removable H+ ions (e.g., HCl, H2SO4, HNO3).
  • Bases: React with acids or release OH- ions (e.g., NaOH, NH3).

Acid-Base Reactions

  • Neutralization: Produces water and salt.
  • Common reactions: Acid + Metal Hydroxide, Acid + Metal Carbonate, etc.
  • Example: Treatment of heartburn with Mg(OH)2.

Brønsted-Lowry Theory

  • Acids are proton donors; bases are proton acceptors.
  • Conjugate acid-base pairs: Products differ by one proton.
  • Reversible nature of reactions.

Amphiprotic Species

  • Can act as both acid and base, e.g., HCO3-.

Aqueous Solutions

  • Autoionization of water: formation of H3O+ and OH-.
  • Acid strength varies; strong acids fully ionize.

Equilibrium and Acid Strength

  • Dynamic equilibrium in reversible reactions.
  • Acidity constant (Ka) quantifies acid strength.

pH Scale

  • Measures hydronium ion concentration.
  • Acidic: pH < 7, Neutral: pH = 7, Basic: pH > 7.

Part B: Redox Chemistry

Redox Reactions

  • Involve electron transfer, can generate electrical energy.
  • Oxidation is loss of electrons, reduction is gain.
  • Oxidizing agent is reduced, reducing agent is oxidized.

Oxidation Numbers

  • Help identify redox reactions without explicit electron tracking.

Balancing Redox Reactions

  1. Identify oxidized and reduced species.
  2. Balance atoms and charge using half-equations.
  3. Ensure electrons lost = electrons gained.

Common Subclasses of Redox Reactions

  • Combustion and metal displacement reactions.

Additional Resources

  • Videos on acid-base and redox concepts.
  • Practice problems provided for self-assessment.

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