Arrival: First humans arrived ~60,000 years ago using rafts or boats.
Development: Early groups evolved into settlements and early states.
Austronesians & Malayo-Polynesian speakers: Arrived in waves starting around 4000 BC.
Neolithic Era
Jade Culture: Existed during the Neolithic era.
Development by 1000 BC: Four distinct groups: tribal groups, warrior societies, peasant plutocracy, and harbor civilizations.
Metallurgy and Trade
Metallurgy: Arrived via trade with India (300-700 AD).
Trade Network: Extensive trade by seafaring people with Indianized kingdoms and East Asian principalities.
Artifacts: Items like glass, agate, gold, and ear ornaments found across the Philippines, Thailand, and Taiwan.
Indian Influence
Spread: Indian culture spread through the region starting from the 1st century due to the Pallava dynasty in South India and Gupta empire in North India.
New Kingdoms: Establishment of new kingdoms influenced by Indian culture.
Laguna Copperplate Inscription (900 AD): First known document in the Philippines using mathematics, weights, and measures.
Pre-Colonial Societies
Maritime Societies: Existed before 1000 AD, no unifying political state.
Nations & States: E.g., Nation of Mai (Buddhist pre-Hispanic state) flourished by attracting trade.
Influences and Conflicts: Various interactions and conflicts with larger Asian empires e.g., Maya Pahit.
Islamic Influence
Introduction: Islam introduced in 1380 by traders and missionaries.
Sultanates: Sultanate of Sulu and Sultanate of Maguindanao established.
Bruneian Influence: Importation of Sheriff Ali from Mecca to establish an independent sultanate.
Spanish Era
Arrival of Spanish: Ferdinand Magellan arrived in 1521, claiming the islands for Spain.
Colonial Expeditions: Continued with several expeditions; naming of the islands as 'Philippines' in 1543.
Establishment: Miguel Lopez de Legazpi set up settlements in 1565; Manila established as the capital in 1578.
Conflicts: Castillan War between Christian Spaniards and Muslims; diverse troops on both sides.
Colonization: Rapid progress, introduction of Christianity, law, and education.
Transition to American Rule
End of Spanish Rule: Spanish rule ended after the Spanish–American War (1898).
American Colonial Period: Establishment of insular governments and promise of independence.
Philippine Commonwealth: Formed in 1935 as an interim step towards independence.
Japanese Occupation: Occupied during WWII (1942-1945).
Independence: Treaty of Manila (1946) established the independent Philippine Republic.
Post-Independence
Independence: Gained full independence on July 4, 1946.
Manuel Roxas: First president and subsequent presidents.
Internal Conflicts: Including communist partisans and dictatorship under Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986).
Modern Era: Transition of power and growth with current president following Corazon Aquino's regime.