[Music] C team my name's be and let's talk pulse pressure pulse pressure is the difference between our systolic blood pressure and our diastolic blood pressure systo is when our ventricles contract so our systolic blood pressure is the pressure our blood exerts on the walls of Our arteries when our ventricles contract and then di is when our ventricles relax so diastolic blood pressure is the pressure on the walls of the arteries from our blood when our ventricles relax cool if we look at a normal blood pressure it's 120 over 80 120 systolic 80 diastolic so our pulse pressure is 120 take away 80 so my normal pulse pressure is 30 to 40 all right so when we have a wide pulse pressure what's happening so a wide pulse pressure that's going to be caused with when our systolic and diastolic move further apart an example of this would be as we age Our arteries get stiffer so you imagine during syy we squeeze blood out of the heart but it's going into arteries that aren't elastic so won't stretch so the same amount of blood going into a smaller space that doesn't give is going to give higher pressure wide pulse pressure same type of thing is going to occur with acos scos is atherosclerosis is when we get stiffening and also laying down of plaques on the inside of Our arteries same situation another time we get widening and pulse pressure would be increase in stroke volume so potentially drugs can increase the contractility of the heart uh another example would be hyperthyroidism with hyperthyroidism it increases the contractility of the heart so more stroke vol and at the same time it dilates our arterials so decreasing the resistance therefore decreasing diastolic blood pressure at the same time as increasing systolic we also have aoic regurgitation our aoic valve is the one between our left ventricle going to our aod so if we contract our left ventricle blood shoots out of the aoic valve into the a order and that's our systolic blood pressure but instead of the valve shutting and sealing off nicely it allows some back flow of blood into the left ventricle this is going to increase blood in the left ventricle so preload and the left ventricle stretches and just like stretching rubber band The more you stretch it the more it's going to snap back so with atic regurgitation we get more of that snap back and a higher systolic blood pressure with each contraction another time is anaphylaxis and sepsis so with these situations we get a massive amount of vasod dilation our blood vessels open up and therefore our diastolic our resting blood pressure is going to be less because our pipes are big and there's less blood to sit in that pipe and also our heart is going to try to compensate by Contracting harder to try to maintain that systolic blood pressure all right narrow so our narrow pulse pressure is going to be the opposite if we have nice elastic arteries like we do when they when we're young and we had here then during syy the ventricles contract and Our arteries are going to stretch nicely if the arteries stretch then there's more space for that blood to sit in and less pressure so our systolic is going to be less and closer to our diastolic if we have decreased stroke volume that is going to lower our systolic blood pressure and bring it closer to our diastolic so an example of this would be hypovolemia if we have decreased blood volume so either through bleeding or through dehydration less blood volume means less blood returning to the heart less preload therefore less systolic pressure when the ventricles contract because there's less blood to eject out the opposite of hyperthyroid ism is hypothyroidism and in that case we have less contractility of the heart so therefore less systolic blood pressure heart failure so a failure of the heart to generate enough cardiac output is going to decrease systolic blood pressure bringing it closer to diastolic our aoic stenosis this one our aoic valve is a bit creaky and won't open properly so now when that ventricle contracts it's going to push against The ventricle and it's going to struggle to squeeze enough blood out that's going to lower our systolic blood pressure cardiogenic shock this is anytime we have a failure of the heart to generate sufficient cardiac output so it's not able to pump effectively lowering our systolic blood pressure and then cardiac tamponade our heart is wrapped with two layers of glad wrap filled with fluid that's a good thing but if there's a build up of fluid between those two layers then the poor old heart in the middle is going to start getting squashed if the heart gets squashed it's going to be hard to fill the ventricles with blood and it's going to have trouble Contracting enough blood out so cardiac output is going to drop therefore systolic blood pressure is going to come down closer to our diastolic all right team there we have pulse pressure and the difference between wide and narrow happy studying [Music]