[Music] biology so welcome there to this class whereby today i want us to discuss about transport in animals so with this transport in animals we see that the main transporting medium in transporting animals is the blood whereby the blood has very many different components or uh okay they have different components whereby the first one is the red blood cell the white blood cell and the platelets so in the transporting animals we also have the heart which is responsible for pumping the blood to all parts of the body we also have the blood vessels whereby this is the region where the blood is contained in so in transporting animals uh it mainly comprises of two different types of circulatory systems whereby we have the open circulatory system and we have the closed circulatory system so in the open circulatory system blood flows in the body cavity uh which is called the high muscle while the blood of the located in the open circulatory system is called the high more the high mole so there's a very there's a very major difference between uh the close circulatory system and the open circulatory system whereby we see that the close circulatory system blood is pumped inside blood vessels and then there is also a very muscular heart which facilitates the pumping of this blood to all the parts of the body so briefly let's look at the differences between the open and the close circulatory system whereby in the open circulatory system we see that the blood flows in open surfaces which are called the sinuses while in the close circulatory system blood flows in the blood vessels so in the open circulatory system we see that the velocity of blood is very low while in the open circulatory system the velocity of blood is very high so in the open circulatory system we see that the high muscle is present while in the closed circulatory system the high muscle it's uh it's not present but it's absent so the open circulatory system all the internal organs are submerged or they are floating on their blood while in the close circulatory system their organs are not in close contact with their blood so it's only the capillaries that that connect the blood to the organs so in the open circulatory system we see also that the blood takes a very long time circulating the body in the closed circulatory system blood takes a very short time to circulate the body so the organisms in the open circulatory system are not as much active as the ones for their close circulatory system so the close circulatory system the organisms are very much active as compared to the open circular circulatory system so whereby the blood passes only once in the heart so this type of circulation is called single circulation example we have the fish whereby the blood will only pass once on the hatch and then to the rest of the body and then come again past once to the heart and then to the rest of the body so this type of circulation is called single circulation so whereby the blood will part uh will pass the heart twice and then to the rest of the body this type of circulation is called double circulation so examples of organisms that undergo double circulation we have the mammals we have the amphibians also we have uh we also have the reptiles as the example so the double circulation mainly involves the blood passing the heart uh twice so in the heart we have two types of uh circulation that are mainly found in the heart so the first one is the pulmonary circulation which mainly involves the pulmonary blood vessels so the first blood vessel pulmonary we have is the pulmonary vein and then we have the pulmonary artery so blood from the right side of the heart goes through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and then from the lungs to the heart we have the pulmonary vein so the pulmonary veins the one responsible for bringing back blood from the lungs to the heart so the blood is at very low pressure which mainly prevents the rupture of of the capillaries you should also know that the blood is at very low pressure so as to create enough time for it to be oxidized that is in the lungs so the blood the blood in the lungs will really flow at a really low pressure so that all their all the co2 in the blood will be removed and replaced with oxygen so let's look at systemic circulation so the first circulation we said was pulmonary circulation involving the blood from the heart and then to the lungs and then back to the heart so that is pulmonary circulation so let's look at systemic circulation which mainly involves the blood from the heart and then to the rest of the body and then back to the heart so here blood is at very high pressure for efficient organ functioning and tissue fluid formation as maybe you can remember we say that the pulmonary circulation blood is at very low pressure so that it can be oxidized and co2 removed so in systemic circulation blood is at very high pressure for tissue fluid formation and proper organ functioning so as this happens the high pressure of the blood systemic circulation it mainly it mainly activates a chemical process and it also it also leads to high temperatures of the mammals in short so let's look at the open circulatory system now in depth so here the transporting fluid as we said is the heim olive that's the transporting fluid so the transporting fluid is found in the body cavity which is called the high muscle so in open circulatory system we don't have any blood vessels so the open circulatory circulatory system is mainly found in organisms like we have the molasses and we have the organisms in philam arthropoda so let's look at the advantages of the open circulatory system so their first advantage is that the transporting fluid is in direct contact with the cells of the body also it allows mixing of fluid in an organism so the fluid of this side will easily mix with the fluid on this other side so it it also requires less energy to function as compared to the heart which must require a lot of energy to function so the blood pressure here is also relatively low meaning that it does require less amount of energy so the oxygen requirement for these organisms is also very low so unlimited supply of oxygen most of these organisms will survive very well so what are the disadvantages of the open circulatory system so the first disadvantage is that the waste removal is very slow and again most of these animals are less active so the nutrients are also distributed very slowly inside there inside these organisms and then the blood flow cannot be regulated so if the organism is undertaking strenuous activity or when they are undertaking undertaking a very light activity so the blood flow is always the same so let's look at the advantages of the closed circulatory system there is a rapid nutrient distribution within the organism and also there is a high pressure in the blood flow also not to forget the organisms are more active as compared to them as compared to the organisms of the open circulatory system and then the waste removal the waste removal in these organisms is very is very rapid so the blood is also not in contact with the cell hence there is no interference with the cellular activities so the blood flows this side and then the tissues are found on this side so this the cells on their blood vessels are at liberty to continue to carry out their processes as they wish so what are the disadvantages of the close circulatory system so the first one is that they require a lot of energy so the close circulatory requires a lot of energy so it also requires a very strong heart to function so the pressure created by the heart also may rupture the blood vessel at the as the next point so the heart may also be prone to very uh very many diseases like for example the one created by hypertension also there is heart attack so the cells the cells or the circulatory system in short may also be infected by different diseases or the pathogens so let's meet on the next class as we now continue to discuss on the mammalian circulatory system [Music] biology