we have four situations you can have calcium aluminum lead or zinc I know for me to remember this I use in the monic which are found to be quite useful can only does sink okay calcium and aluminum all lead leaders zinc [Music] the hit from on high owns that we normally test for in the identification of cations I can see we have the copper zinc aluminum ion to on high on three - lead and ammonium ions I want to test for so normally ideally we make use of Sudan my draw site and I'm one of my drawers I'd to test for these cations and then in addition to that we make use of some confirmation reagent and also again should be looking at systematically as we go over to this video together so the first step that we need to do is to hard drugs or pseudo might reside to the salt solution containing unknown cations okay so as we heard that we need to observe what I will actually see what I would notice in in the reaction or the sodium I draw that with the source solution okay now the first question on it was is there a precipitate and that would warrant hostage okay if there is no precipitate we need to now go ahead to its dissolution with a Bunsen burner and test whatever gas is evolved with red litmus paper and the evolution of pungent gas which turns red it was blue and cause white precipitate with the prabhava and hydrochloric acid confirms the presence of ammonium ion the pungent does stroking on it is the ammonia gas the white registry that is formed with the cover of concentrated hydrogen chloride is ammonium chloride because the ammonia reacts with hydrogen chloride to form inoculum which is a white produced it so this is general that whenever there is no precipitates all just introduced each solution and if a gas that Scarlett this is involved in ammonium ion is present in the solution okay however if there is a precipitate we also be trusts on further questions and the first end is a whole lot okay now if the proceed are observing is a white persisted that is indicating that any one of calcium aluminum lead or zinc ion is present in the solution and depression may be might reside Alvina my drawers are laid out reside or sink I draw that these are the oxen with the pseudo might reside to form the I draw site that are listed in the board so it does the case they all need to know you know initially we are instituting might reside in drops now I need to add it in Essex to add more or sodium I do that just to make like twice the amount of the sole solution our testing for so after adding sodium and Rose I also need to check they precipitate that were observing now if there is it precipitated meaning that he rested that was up before is insoluble in the SS or pseudo mind other than were suspecting that calcium ion is present in the particular solution our current confounded by hiding dilute hydrogen tetras or services acid to a portion of the original solution go back to the original solution would take a portion of it and test suite and they looked h2so4 so if we are now serving in white prestige which is cash on sulfates that means that calcium ion is compound to be in that sought solution so now if there is no precipitate in excess of sugar micro that then we are still left with any of calcium aluminum or lead instead a possibly to be present in the solution I wanna need to do is now do not equals ammonia that is ammonium hydroxide we added in drops normally would not notice any change so keep on writing until we had it in SS to the solution now in hugging that one we now need to also observe is there a precipitate out on see it has got precipitate in the cases of a case ammonia that compounds the presence of same time the current will not react with the ammonia might reside in SS in draws and weaknesses so damaged our zinc ion is present in the solution that we are testing for however if the pressure were coming from initially is insoluble okay tell me that we either have aluminum ion or lead hang on to be present or also distinguish between these two meatwad potassium iodide solution the portion of the original solution so that we can just know okay the aluminum or late that's present in our source solution now if we are adding potassium iodine unit rosa is they projected they observing if there's no pristine with potassium iodide that means that aluminum ion is present in that source solution however if it gives us a yellow precipitate in the solution that confirms the presence of lead onion okay so now we have look at the situation in which there is no observable phenomenon that is taking place I also look at the situation which we have white precipitate taking place out of the case in which we have colored press visited okay that's Don white so need to ask on save which color are we looking at which color we observe it and the post one is that if you have a blue gelatinous precipitate with drops or sodium hydroxide that is indicating the web Papa onion present in the solution Howard we be in the particular case to confirm if it is actually company indeed we now had SS of aqueous ammonium that ammonia might reside so if we had that in SS however as seen is a new solution that automatically compounds that copper ion is present in the solution they were testing for however if the color we're observing is a grim precipitate that means that ion key onion is present in the solution now if we leave that particular and then precipitate in the air and it is running reddish-brown damage that the I not rely on is being oxidized so I ought to be hanging so this is the big test for country onion our also confirm just be too hard potassium ferrocyanide solution to this particular so solution our testing for if we notice the dark blue precipitates that confirms the presence of nutrients then the third case when we are having followed proceeded in the of pseudo Marilyn in groups in DC reddish-brown precipitate that is telling us that I until evening is present in the solution under confirm don't need to add potassium thiocyanate solution and a nostril solution we confirm the presence of onion Tilly no this is the overview of the test by identifying cations that can carry out with sodium and reside and eCos ammonia with confirmatory reagents that we need to test with it a unique thing I will need to note is that we are cliquey this is either there is not precipitate at port which is the case in which were suspecting ammonia pinyin I wanted to dish it blingy Bunsen burner we eat the solution with testfit red litmus paper okay and you that is turning blue you know that that is ammonia gas which is no family presence of however there is a word predicted we have four situations you can have Hashem aluminum lead all the vomit remember this I use in the Munich which are found to be quite useful can only does sink okay calcium and aluminum all lead lead us zinc see now after suspecting that any of these four cations are present what I need to not be to add to do micro site analysis and the first one that I can actually eliminate is the Foshan Tran calcium because calcium would be insoluble in SS or sodium hydrogen and for me to just confirm that it is calcium we just need to hide the elite restriction flow and when it gives us a web pursuit of passions of freedom is that calcium ion is present in the solution artisan food however in the case in which there is no precipitous depressing we are coming from initially withdraws also reminder that if it is solut boo in SS or sodomite rosa little take the test folder only to hard ammonium hydroxide draws up to SS and then we need to observe is they precipitate eBay's no preservatives now the last cation from my mnemonic can only dancing the last cations inch is no you do not give us any precipitates with ammonia might reside so availment anything that is leaving me with only tree as living with LED and aluminum ions and for me to just test those ones I don't need too hard potassium iodide it has a yellow precipitate that is for late it has no preservatives that is for aluminum so easy systematic approach to identifying cations for the other ones they are unique in follows cop eyes blue eye on trees until he is registering how with this intruder will be able to master the education of cations and be able to talk about questions and qualitative analysis in chemistry an identification of Italians we trust that you'll find this video don't forget to subscribe to our channel we have a lot of resources that are constantly being updated for you to build academic excellence in your stem subject is deputy Academy and not the next time god bless you you