Overview
The lecture introduces the psychodynamic approach, outlining its core assumptions, shared features, and specific elements that distinguish it from other psychological theories and therapies.
Psychodynamic Approach: Background and Key Figures
- The psychodynamic approach is an umbrella term for theories focused on understanding human behavior and mental processes.
- Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and founded psychoanalysis, a treatment for mental illness.
- Other notable theorists include Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Erik Erikson, each emphasizing different aspects of development.
Common Core Assumptions
- Emphasis on early childhood experiences as foundational for personality and behavior (developmental perspective).
- Transference: Past relationship patterns shape current relationships and therapy interactions.
- Unconscious processes influence thoughts, behaviors, and psychopathology.
- Person-oriented perspective: Focus on the whole person, not just symptoms or problems.
- Recognition of complexity: Therapy progress is non-linear and influenced by various, interacting factors.
- Continuity between normal and abnormal: Mental health and illness exist on a spectrum.
Specific Features of Psychodynamic Therapy
- Greater focus on emotions than thoughts compared to cognitive behavioral therapy.
- Exploration of defense mechanisms (ways people avoid unpleasant thoughts or feelings).
- Attention to recurring patterns between past and present behaviors.
- Focus on understanding significant past experiences, especially childhood events, but not exclusively.
- Emphasis on interpersonal relationships, including those with the therapist.
- Exploration of wishes, dreams, and fantasies to uncover unconscious content.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Psychodynamic — An umbrella term for theories emphasizing internal psychological processes, especially unconscious influences.
- Psychoanalytic — Refers specifically to Freud’s approach and theories.
- Transference — The process by which patients project past relationship patterns onto new relationships, including with the therapist.
- Unconscious — Mental processes outside of conscious awareness that affect behavior.
- Defense Mechanisms — Psychological strategies used to avoid confronting uncomfortable thoughts or emotions.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the six common assumptions and specific features of psychodynamic therapy.
- Prepare questions on any unclear core assumptions for discussion.
- Optional: Research one psychodynamic theorist (Freud, Jung, Adler, or Erikson) for deeper understanding.