Lecture Notes on Chemical Formation of Testing Urine

Overview

• Reagent Test Strips: Used for testing urine specimens.
  • Identify substances in urine.
  • Come in bottles with squares on the outer portion, used to read results.

Reagent Strip Testing

• Color Changes:
  • Indicate presence and concentration of substances.
  • Compare unused strip color to dipped strip color.
• Reading Results:
  • Squares change colors, indicating different results.

Handling Reagent Strips

• Light Sensitive:
  • Only retrieve the strip just before use.
  • Immediately replace the lid.
  • Avoid exposure to fluorescent lighting.
• Avoid Touching:
  • Do not touch the pads directly.
• Expiration:
  • Check expiration dates.
  • Date new bottles and discard after six months.
• Reading Guidelines:
  • Follow manufacturer guidelines for reading times.

Chemical Testing Example

• Normal Reagent Strip:
  • Shows expected color changes.

Urine Test Results

• Qualitative and Quantitative Results:
  • Numerical values and positive/negative results.

Example: Leukocytes

• Leukocytes:
  • White blood cells.
  • Elevated levels indicate possible pathogen.
• Reading Strips:
  • Align strip against color chart after dipping.
  • Document associated number and description (e.g., small).

Example: Nitrates

• Nitrates Results:
  • Positive or negative results.
  • Positive indicated by different hues of pink.

Example: Protein

• Protein Results:
  • Distinct color changes on strip indicate protein levels.

Testing Process

• Time Limits for Reading:
  • Read results from bottom to top.
  • Glucose: Read after 30 seconds.
    • Lay strip flat, undisturbed.
    • Document color change.
  • Other Tests: Continue reading up to bilirubin, ketone, specific gravity, and finally leukocytes after 120 seconds.

Summary

• Utilize time guidelines for accurate readings.
• Document results by matching colors and associated numbers.
• Proper care and handling ensure accurate test results.