Network Adapter (NIC) Overview

Introduction to NICs

• NIC stands for Network Interface Card.
• Essential for connecting computers, servers, printers, copiers, and other devices to a network.
• Not limited to one NIC per device; multiple NICs can be used.
• Some NICs have multiple physical ports/interfaces.

Types of Network Adapter Ports

• RJ45 Connector:
  • Commonly used for Ethernet connections.
  • Similar to RJ11, but not functionally interchangeable.
  • Supports Ethernet cables like Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6e, and Cat7.
• Fiber Optic Ports:
  • Includes SFP, SC, LC, and GBIC ports.
  • Connects fiber-optic cables which use light signals.
  • GBICs convert electrical signals to light and vice versa.

Connection and Installation

• NICs connect to the motherboard of a computer or a device.
• Network printers as an example of non-computer devices with NICs.
• Modern desktops and laptops usually have built-in NICs.
• Many desktops allow NIC upgrades for different connections or speeds.

Speeds and Upgradability

• Network cards come in various speeds; faster speeds are more prevalent.
• Upgradable options for different cable connections or adapters.

MAC Address

• Each NIC is assigned a unique MAC address.
• MAC stands for Media Access Control.
• Hard-coded by manufacturers at the factory.

Conclusion

• Overview of NICs and their role in network connectivity.
• Further details on speeds and fiber-optic cables addressed in later chapters.