Tidal Power: Harnessing Energy from the Sea

Overview

Tidal turbines installed on the seafloor harness the energy from moving water with tides.
Potential exists to power all homes in the US twice over, but currently, global tidal power can power less than 400,000 homes.

Predictability: Tides are consistent and predictable, unlike wind or solar energy.
Tidal Mechanics: Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, creating bulges in ocean water.
Electricity Generation: Tidal turbines, like wind turbines, convert mechanical energy from moving water into electricity.

Predictability: Provides a consistent energy supply that can be better integrated into the grid.
Energy Density: Water is 800 times denser than air, allowing tidal turbines to be smaller and slower than wind turbines but equally or more powerful.

Tidal Range Power
- Utilizes the difference between high and low tides.
- Dams are built across estuaries to store and release water, driving turbines.
- Example: La Rance in France, operational since 1966.
- Economically viable with tidal range >5 meters.
- Environmental concerns and infrastructure limitations exist.
Tidal Stream Power
- Relies on underwater currents caused by tides.
- Designs include underwater turbines, kites, and floating turbines.
- Example: Projects in Scotland have powered over 12,000 homes.
- More eco-friendly, flexible, and potentially cost-effective.

Cost: High initial and operational costs due to engineering challenges.
Environmental Impact: Potential disruption to marine ecosystems.
Financial Support: Limited investment and subsidies compared to other renewables.

Cost Reduction: Target of $0.10/kWh by the end of the decade.
Environmental Considerations: Tidal stream has lower environmental impact compared to tidal range.
Potential: Significant role in achieving net-zero emissions, especially for coastal and island nations.

Tidal power presents a promising renewable energy source with its predictable and dense energy supply.
Challenges remain in cost reduction, environmental impact, and financial investment.
Continued research and development, supported by government initiatives, could unlock tidal power's full potential.