Shaken Baby Syndrome - Symptoms and Causes

Overview

• Definition: Shaken baby syndrome is a serious brain injury resulting from violently shaking an infant or toddler.
• Other Names: Also known as abusive head trauma, shaken impact syndrome, inflicted head injury, or whiplash shaken infant syndrome.
• Consequences: Can damage or destroy brain cells, causing permanent brain damage or death.
• Prevention: Considered preventable with proper education and support for caregivers to understand the dangers.

Symptoms

• Immediate Symptoms:
  • Extreme fussiness or irritability
  • Difficulty staying awake
  • Breathing problems
  • Poor eating
  • Vomiting
  • Pale or discolored skin
  • Seizures
  • Paralysis
  • Coma
• Possible Hidden Injuries:
  • Bleeding in the brain and eyes
  • Spinal cord damage
  • Fractures (ribs, skull, legs, other bones)
• Long-term Effects: Some symptoms may develop over time even if initial signs seem mild.

When to Seek Medical Attention

• Seek immediate help if shaken baby syndrome is suspected.
• Early medical intervention is crucial.
• Healthcare professionals are required to report suspected abuse cases.

Causes

• Mechanism: Caused by forcefully shaking a baby, making the brain move back and forth inside the skull.
• Common Triggers: Often occurs from frustration or anger, especially if the child won't stop crying.
• Not Caused By: Normal handling like bouncing a child on a knee or minor falls.

Risk Factors

• Unrealistic expectations of infants
• Dealing with a crying or medically needy baby
• Young or single parent status
• Stress and domestic violence
• Substance misuse
• Unstable family environments
• Personal history of being mistreated as a child
• Men are more likely to cause shaken baby syndrome than women.

Complications

• Severe Effects: Can lead to irreversible brain damage or death.
• Survivor Challenges:
  • Partial or total blindness
  • Developmental delays
  • Learning and behavioral issues
  • Seizures or epilepsy
  • Cerebral palsy

Prevention

• Education: New parent classes can help reduce incidence by educating on the dangers and management of stress.
• Alternative Caregiving: Ensure all caregivers are aware of the risks and prevention practices.
• Support: Seek professional help if struggling with stress or emotions related to parenting.

Additional Information

• For further details, appointments, and resources, visit Mayo Clinic’s website on shaken baby syndrome.