[Music] welcome to lesson two of the faa part 107 remote pilot knowledge study course in lesson two we will be reviewing airspace classifications and the operating requirements and flight risk restrictions within the national airspace system also known as nas now lesson two and lesson three kind of intertwine with each other lesson two will focus again on the different airspace classes but to further define them for you we will be also using aeronautical sectional charts to show you these same airspaces and define them a little bit better for you now of course the airspa faa excuse me wants remote pilots to understand the various airspace classes within the national airspace system and the airspace is basically divided into two categories you have regulatory and non-regulatory airspace now within these two categories there are four types of airspace you have controlled airspace you have uncontrolled airspace special use airspace and what the faa classifies as other airspace now the national airspace system as you can see in this graph is comprised of a class a a class b c d e and a class g airspace however part 107 only requires the knowledge of classes b through g airspace and incidentally there is no f airspace in the united states just in case you were wondering but class b through g airspace all fall under regulatory airspace which is governed by the faa non-regulatory airspace includes airspace such as prohibited restricted warning military operation alert areas and controlled firing areas where in all those areas the faa does not enforce now controlled airspace is basically a generic term that covers the different classifications of airspace and defined dimensions within which air traffic control atc service is provided in accordance with that particular airspace classification now controlled airspace that is of concern to the remote pilot are class b c d and e air space whenever a remote pilot is planning to fly an operation within controlled air space the remote pilot must receive faa authorization before operating in any of the controlled airspaces so class b airspace is generally airspace that runs from the surface of the airport up to ten thousand feet mean sea level and surrounds some of the busiest airport uh such as chicago o'hare los angeles and dallas fort worth now class b airspace is controlled airspace and is individually configured based upon an area's natural terrain and man-made objects and consists of a surface area with two or more layers resembling an upside down wedding cake now as you can see in the center of this class b airspace it extends from the surface and extends outward about five nautical miles and then extends upward to approximately ten thousand feet msl mean sea level and that's on average some classes of controlled airspace could extend up to eleven thousand it could only extend up to ten thousand and that goes the same with the class scene class d airspaces it it'll depend on the natural terrain but the center of this class b airspace extend outward from the center of the earth airport about five nautical miles and again the altitude can vary now the first larger shelf we see here can begin at roughly 1000 to 2000 feet msl and then it can extend outward about 10 miles from the center of the airport and then the second shelf of airspace can begin anywhere between 3500 and 5000 feet msl and again will extend up to the top the ceiling of approximately 10 000 feet msl and outward about 15 miles from the center of the airport now in this class c airspace denoted in the magenta it too will extend out about five miles from the center of the airport and then the second shelf will begin roughly at about 1200 feet msl and extend upward to 4000 feet msl and the center of class c controlled airspace will extend out typically 10 miles from the center of the airport class d will be denoted in an aeronautical sectional chart as a dashed or dotted blue lines class d delta and it will begin at the surface and extend up to about 2500 feet msl the dotted magenta is a class e airspace now class e airspace can perhaps be one of the most confusing and again we'll go into this in greater detail in a few slides but i just want to quickly point out that it can either be denoted as a dashed or dotted magenta circle on an aeronautical sectional chart and can extend upward until it runs into the shelf an overlying shelf of another class airspace controlled class like class c this could be class e airspace and it can hit the bottom of this class c shelf so it can end at 700 feet agl when it may run into a different type of class e airspace this shaded blue is also class e airspace and this 14 500 feet msl class e airspace typically found in the western part of the united states at higher elevations now here we are looking at a two-dimensional looking downward on this class b bravo airspace and again it's it's denoted uh on a sectional aeronautical sectional chart in a solid blue lines or symmetrical circles not always totally symmetrical i should point out um but again the inside the of the airport the very center of the airport in this case we have charlotte douglas international and it's denoted in blue runway icon strips and when you see an airport they'll either be shown as with these runway patterns or as we see here is a to the northeast a blue icon or down to the southeast magenta these are all airports but when you see just the runway patterns that denotes that the shortest runway at that particular airport is at has a runway greater in length of 8069 feet i just like to point some of this stuff out as we go through this so you're not hit up with it all at once but again so the center of the air the first center of air space extends outward about five miles from the center of the airport and again in this case this airspace does run from the surface to ten thousand feet and how we determine that is you'll see these fractions in a lot of these uh shelf shelves of air space and there's always the faa removes two zeros from the numbers to simplify the air space and so this denotes sfc meaning from the surface up to 10 000 feet msl so the center within five mile radius of that airport runs from the surface up to 10 000 feet the first shelf of airspace typically extends outward about 10 miles but as i'll point out here on the bottom part 10 miles but then if you can see it cuts out at the top and extends outward a little bit and then comes around over to the west side of the airport and bends around this little uh airport and so this airspace that first shelf of airspace runs from 1800 feet msl up to 10 000 feet msl and then the second shelf of airspace as denoted here has a lot of little cutouts through it there's there's quite a few different shelves of air space in this one shelf so to speak so as we can see here i want to point out the air that airspace that shelf of airspace cuts around this airport which by the way when you see an airport in magenta it denotes it is in a airport that does not have an operating control tower only radio frequencies which we will get into in a few chapters the star above each of these airports if you see that there's a little star above this airport you can see one of course over at charlotte to the northeast concord regional there's a star this one south of it does not have a star when you see a star that indicates there's a lighted beacon you may or may not have a question on that probably not but i again like to point this out to make these maps less confusing and basically you a better more informed remote pilot the little squares protruding off of the circle simply indicate there's fuel services available for the pilots for the manned aircraft that land there and you'll understand why we kind of need to know how busy a particular airport is is if you are hired to operate your small unmanned aircraft near these airports you need to be aware of the size of the airport the traffic corresponding traffic around there but this second shelf of airspace in some sections begins at 5000 feet msl again denoted in these like fraction numbers two zeros missing and extend upward to a ceiling of ten thousand feet msl however there are a few areas where the lower shelf of the airspace begins at 3 600 feet msl and then another area by that little cutout where that airport is over on to the west of charlotte douglas begins at 4 000 feet msl and again it begins at various altitudes based on the terrain and other man-made objects in the area and and traffic uh departure and approach patterns as well but there's another shelf of airspace not denoted in the graph on the bottom left this charlotte douglas has gotten to be a pretty busy airport and if you look at the upper left you can see that shelf of airspace extends 30 30 nautical miles out from the center of the airport and that shelf airspace begins at 6000 feet msl and extend upwards to 10 000 feet msl so i also want to point out this is a airport concord regional and it is blue so that is telling us it has an operating control tower and it is in a class d airspace delta dash dotted delta airspace and again we're going to review this stuff again and so they'll be i'll be repeating myself a couple of times because i feel it's just easier to absorb this information again between lesson two and lesson three it's pretty much intertwined but i point out this class d delta air space because it cuts in you can see that's why there's part of that cut in there from the class b bravo airspace and it is also nestled these magenta circles again we'll be reviewing this class e airspace in a few slides in a next chapter as well there's several several shelves of airspace that a remote pilot would have to be concerned with if they were hypothetically hired to inspect these little obstacles also likely cell towers or broadcasting towers again we will review all of this in greater detail as we proceed through these slides but i point this out to try to make this less confusing overall to you as we progress through this lesson now here we have class c airspace shown in the solid magenta lines circles and it is generally again airspace that runs from the center of the airport outward five miles and it surrounds airports that have an operational control tower it's also serviced by you know radar approach control they can also have a certain number of instrument flight rules or ifr operations it again services um somewhat busy airports and passenger aircraft like all controlled airspace class c is individually tailored usually consists of uh surface area again within a five nautical mile mile radius from the center of the airport and again extends upward approximately 4 000 feet but like this airport it runs from the surface but extends upward to 4 100 feet msl so it extends 100 feet higher likely due to some natural terrain i'll also point out again that this has a blue striped icon for the airport runway icons which indicate instantly tells us that the shortest runway is greater than 8069 feet in length so the first shelf of airspace 10 miles outward from the center of the airport and it starts the lower shelf starts at 1 300 feet msl and extends upward to 4 100 feet msl now i also want to point out that this class c air space is sitting on top of this shaded magenta circle and that is class e airspace we'll go into class e airspace of course in a few slides but i just want to point that out if there was no class e airspace under this you would just see solid magenta circle here also want to point out another class d delta dashed dotted delta airspace to the southeast and class d airspace the ceiling of class d airspace will always be shown in a number inside a blue bracket like this 25. and again there are two zeros missing so the ceiling of this class d delta airspace is 2500 feet so it runs from the surface up to 2500 feet now above 2500 feet because part of this class d airspace is sitting within the class c airspace class c airspace would take over from the top of that class d airspace and continue up to 4100 feet msl so here are is a group of what is called are called obstacles and again these are likely cell towers or broadcasting towers the reason it is important to know these various classes of controlled airspace is if you were hypothetically hired to inspect the top of these cell towers let's call them um you would need to know obviously uh how tall they are and whether they're protruding into any controlled airspace to the bottom right you see a number and a number in parentheses you see 1545 feet that indicates the height of the tallest obstacle or tower there msl the number on the bottom is agl above ground level so we can see we're not very high above sea level there if you were hired to inspect the top of this tower you're allowed to fly your small unmanned aircraft within a 400 foot radius of that tower to the top of it you would be legally allowed to fly up to 1532 feet and actually plus 400 feet if you needed to providing it doesn't penetrate into any controlled airspace since we know this shelf of airspace class e begins at 700 feet agl never mind this 1 300 feet shelf of class c air space msl these towers are all protruding into this controlled airspace so before you would be able to fly and inspect those towers you would need faa approval so here we have some class d delta airspace as we've been discussing a few times before delta d dashed blue dotted line however you want to remember that but class d airspace again is generally the airspace that runs from the surface at the airport up to 2500 feet msl it surrounds many airports that have an operational control tower and it again typically extends outward about five nautical miles from the center of the airport now in in this particular group of airports which is actually near my neck of the woods you cannot practically step outside your door and fly a drone commercially without having to get faa approval but what we have here are three airports actually each airport on the outside are military airports langley air force base and fort eustis the one in the center there's a commercial airport newport news williamsburg international but in this controlled d class d airspace one must obtain faa approval now the ceiling again we can see is 2500 feet msl as denoted in the number in these brackets so this airspace controlled airspace runs from the surface up to 2500 feet and also i want to point out to the southeast there's another commercial airport as well as another military base there is class d airspace that has a ceiling of up to 2000 feet so that particular area of air space runs from the surface up to 1999 feet msl and in a few slides next lesson i believe we we will review that in greater detail so i can show you how that class d works in conjunction with the class c airspace it's sitting within and then i just want to point out there's some class e airspace attached off to this class d airspace just to provide a little more clearance for approach and take off you can see this runway on this fort eustis how it runs diagonally so just to provide a little more approach and landing now you can see here that the class e airspace is pretty predominant throughout the nation this is just one small section of an aeronautical sectional chart and this is taken from the east side of the united states you don't really see any class e airspace with shaded blue again you'll see that primarily out in the western united states at higher elevations but it makes up a lot of our airports now the little blue green and red dots in the center i just want to point out is there's a website called airmap skyvector.com and airmap.com skyvector.com is a great resource and it'll show you a lot of information and so these dots will provide you with a lot of helpful information when you hover your mouse over them or click on them you'll obtain airport data information detailed airport data information and other important information such as temporary flight restrictions notice to airmen again we'll be reviewing this notice to airmen and what temporary flight restrictions are in a few uh lessons so here we have a closer look at some class e airspace and the dotted or dashed circle magenta circle uh is class e controlled airspace that runs from the surface up to the next overlying airspace now in this case there is no overlying airspace so it does extend up to 17999 feet basically up to the bottom of class a airspace that is all controlled airspace however also what we see here is class e airspace again shown in the shaded magenta circles and inside that the airspace begins at 700 feet so inside say here over to the left we see wallace airport all of the airspace from the surface to 699 feet agl is class g uncontrolled airspace if you were going to inspect any of these towers or obstacles here um at 305 feet this particular one agl you could easily inspect the top of it with your small unmanned aircraft and you would not need faa authorization because you'd be well underneath that 700 foot agl uh shelf the bottom of that air space shelf now again on the outside edge and everything in between it's class e air space that begins at 1 200 feet agl and extends upward until it runs into the next airspace now again if you were hired to inspect that little group of uh towers there you can see the number in parentheses is the agl height of the tower 406 feet agl you could inspect that tower without running into the lower shelf of that class e controlled airspace now on the other hand if you were hired to inspect this tower inside this controlled airspace you would need faa authorization not just to inspect that tower but to fly anywhere within that controlled airspace now this is also classy airspace controlled airspace shown in the faded blue box and this is airspace again mostly found out in the western united states at higher elevations and this airspace is class g airspace from the surface up to but not including 14 hundred feet msl and outside of the area of that blue faded box its class g airspace from the surface up to but not including 1200 feet msl so class g airspace is again the uncontrolled airspace that runs from the surface typically up to 1200 feet agl and it is basically airspace that has not been designated and it extends from the surface to the base of the next overlying airspace typically class e but it could also be class b airspace it runs into if you look here if you were flying just seven miles away from the center of this airport in this class bravo b controlled air space you would be in class g and you would not need faa authorization to fly as long as you did not penetrate into the bottom shelf of that class b air space and so the class b air space is shown again in the solid blue line on an aeronautical sectional chart and typically extends from the surface up to 10 000 feet msl the class c airspace controlled airspace is shown in with a solid magenta line or circle and typically runs from the surface up to 4000 feet msl and class d delta air space controlled air space typically runs from the surface up to 2500 feet msl and is shown as in a dashed or segmented line or circle and then again the um the class e airspace which is our most um challenging airspace to learn and again don't worry you will learn this we will be reviewing it in the next lesson again and going over it in greater detail but again the class e can be shown in the dashed magenta lines or circles and runs from the surface and it can extend all the way up to the bottom of a class a airspace it can also begin at 700 feet agl and run upward when shown in the shaded magenta circle and again it can also start at 1200 feet agl or 14 500 feet msl and extend upward now special use airspace or special areas of operation sao is the designation for airspace in which certain activities must be confined or where limitations may be imposed on aircraft operations that are not part of those activities so special use airspace usually consists of prohibited areas re restricted areas warning areas moas or what's called military operation areas alert areas or even controlled firing areas now prohibited areas are areas that contain air space of defined dimensions now where the flight of an aircraft is prohibited for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare now this type of area is charted uh with a p followed by a numbers as you can see in these images such as a p-49 or a p-67 a few of the examples of prohibited areas in our nation would be camp david or washington dc or even kenny bunkport restricted areas are areas where operations are hazardous to non-participating aircraft and restricted areas are marked with wired or hashed lines as shown below they denote the existence of unusual and often invisible hazards to aircraft including a small unmanned aircraft that could contain artillery firing aerial gunnery or guided missiles now flying within these restricted areas without authorization from the using or controlling agency would obviously be pretty hazardous to your aircraft and the restricted areas are charted with an r followed by a number in the example shown below now it's permissible to fly without authorization in a restricted area but for obvious reasons it is recommended that you do not warning areas are similar in nature to restricted areas however the united states government does not have sole jurisdiction over that airspace now a warning area is air space of defined dimensions and extends three nautical miles outward from the coast of the united states and contains activity that may be hazardous to non-participating aircraft so the purpose of such areas is to warn non-participating pilots of the potential danger and the area may be located over domestic or international waters or both and is a designated with a w followed by a number again as shown in the um graphs below near my neck of the woods uh southeast virginia there's almost a dozen different various military bases in the area so there is a lot of warning in restricted and prohibited areas to be aware of for remote pilots here military operation areas or moas consist of airspace with defined vertical and lateral limits established for the purpose of separating certain military training activities from instrument flight rules traffic or ifr traffic now whenever an moa is being used non-participating ifr traffic may be cleared through an moa if ifr separation can be provided by air traffic control otherwise atc reroutes or restricts non-participating traffic and although the atc manages the national airspace system each pilot is responsible for collision avoidance in a military operation area now a controlling agency phone number as well as a radio frequency denoted within a sectional chart can provide the information for remote pilots to use moas are also depicted on sectional charts vfr terminal areas ifr and root low altitude charts as well moas are named and not numbered such as in the examples below again phelps a moa and columbus 2 moa also note in the red rectangle the status the request status box it has a frequency of 119.75 that one could dial into with a vhf radio for additional information about that particular moa now alert areas are depicted on aeronautical charts to inform non-participating pilots of areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aerial activity pilots should exercise extreme caution in alert areas and all activity within an alert area shall be conducted in accordance with regulations without waiver pilots of participating aircraft or pilots transiting the area as well as suas shall be equally responsible for collision avoidance alert areas are depicted with an a followed by a number such as a dash 531 and a-292 as shown in the images below now controlled firing areas or cfas contain activities that could be hazardous to non-participating aircraft if not conducted in a controlled environment the difference between cfas and other special use airspace is that activities must be suspended when a spotter aircraft radar or ground lookout position indicates an aircraft might be approaching the area now there is no need to charge cfas since they do not cause a non-participating aircraft to change its flight path and they will not appear in notice to airmen notices either no tams a local airport advisory laas is an advisory service provided by flight service facilities which are located on the landing airport using a discrete ground to air frequency or the tower frequency when the tower is closed laa services include local airport advisories automated weather reporting with voice broadcasting and a continuous automated surface observing system asos or an automated weather observing station also known as an aws the display data or other continuous direct reading instruments or manual observations available to the specialist now we'll be reviewing the airport broadcasting frequencies in a later lesson but below are a few images that show an showing asos and an awos airport frequencies now military training routes or mtr's are used by the military for conducting low altitude high-speed flight training now typically routes above 1500 feet agl are flown under instrument flight rules or ifr rules and the routes flown under 1500 feet agl are flown under visual flight rules or vfr on a sectional chart mtr's are identified as ifr and vfr instrument flight rules and visual flight rules followed by a number and this number is displayed on a straight line with an arrow now mtr's with four numbers denote routes flown at 1500 feet agl and a below at such a low altitude this can obviously present challenges to an unmanned aircraft and mtr's with three numbers or less denote routes that are flown above 1500 feet agl the numbers following ir or vr do not depict altitude they just will indicate whether it is above 1500 feet agl or below 1500 feet agl i want to also review isogonic lines and isogonic lines are depicted in this image as the dashed straight magenta line labeled 9 degrees west now an isogonic line indicates the magnetic variation or difference between true north and magnetic north we touched on military vfr and ifr traffic but it warrants going over again as it will likely appear on your knowledge exam the line indicated as vr 41 vr 1754 and ir7 are military training routes mtr's to conduct high-speed training missions using either visual flight rules or instrument flight rules again the numbers following the letters do not depict true altitude but rather they simply tell you if flights will be flown above 1500 feet agl or below 1500 feet agl routes at or below 1500 feet agl are indicated by a four digit number and flights above 1500 agl are typically indicated by three or fewer numbers warrants pointing that out again because it will be on your knowledge exam now just to review a couple of icons here here we see a parachute jump icon parachute jump aircraft operations are published in the chart supplement us formerly the airport facility directory and sites that are used frequently are depicted on the aeronautical sectional chart one could expect to see parachute jumpers in the area published vfr routes are for transitioning around under or through some complex airspace now terms such as vfr flyway vfr corridor class b airspace vfr transition route and terminal area vfr route have been applied to such routes now these routes are generally found on vfr terminal area planning charts terminal radar service areas or trsas are areas where pilots can receive additional radar services the primary airports within the trsa becomes class d airspace and participation in trsa services is voluntary however pilots operating under vfr are encouraged to contact air traffic control or radar approach control to take advantage of the trsa service the remaining portion of the trsa overlies other controlled airspace which is normally class e airspace beginning at 700 or 1200 feet agl and established to transition to or from the enroute terminal environment trsas are depicted on vfr sectional charts and terminal area charts with a solid gray circle or line and altitudes for each segment as well the class d portion is charted with a blue segmented line and the outermost ring is class e airspace national security areas nsas consist of airspace of defined vertical and lateral dimensions established at locations where there is a requirement for increased security and safety of ground facilities a flight in an nsa may be temporarily prohibited and these are announced via no tams pilots are requested to voluntarily avoid flying through these depicted areas now with all flight operations the remote pilot should refer to current aeronautical charts and other navigational tools to determine position and related airspace and apps that can provide this kind of information are through airmap.com or the faa uas data maps now as previously touched upon notice to airmen or a notam is a notice containing information concerning the establishment condition or change in any component facility service procedure or hazard within the national airspace system the timely knowledge of such information is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations now since the information cannot be known sufficiently in advance to publicize by other means it's imperative for the remote pilot to check no tams before each flight to determine if there are any applicable tfrs or temporary flight restrictions that might affect your flight operation there are multiple online resources for a remote pilot to use to obtain no tams but the faa's exam question will prefer you answer stating 1 800 wxbrief.com is the best resource to use now other applicable sources are skyvector.com faa uas data maps faa.gov and pilotweb as well now temporary flight restrictions or tfrs are issued using no tams and are clearly labeled in bold red letters or are outlined on a sectional chart now the tfr will state the nature of the restrictions such as a aerial demonstration or perhaps a visit by a vip then followed by the effective days and times the airspace will be affected the faa may approve s-u-a-s operations in a temporary flight restriction area with prior authorization and approval and some tfrs like around disneyland or disney world are not so temporary and will show up as pretty much being temporary 24 7. so some of the purposes for establishing a tfr to protect persons and property in the air or on the surface from an existing or imminent event to provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft to prevent an unsafe congestion of sightseeing aircraft above an incident or event to protect declared national disasters for humanitarian reasons in the state of hawaii to protect the president vice president or again other important public figures and to provide a safe environment for space agency operations now using no tams to ensure flight safety in this image taken from skyvector.com you'll see a caution box informing all pilots to be aware of an unmarked balloon that's located about three nautical miles southeast of the elizabeth city airport you'll see that box on the bottom right corner says caution unmarked balloon on cable now the the box clearly tells us how to obtain additional information regarding this unmarked balloon by checking no tams and again the best way to check the no tams would be by using the wxbrief.com the 1800wx brief.com website now this caution box informs pilots there's an unmarked balloon on a on a cable up to that's uh 3008 feet above msl and we're mentioning this because this question may be presented to you on the final exam as well so lastly uh obtaining airspace authorization or waivers now currently remote pilots must request authorization to fly in a controlled airspace directly with the faa now pilots are no longer permitted to call their local air traffic control directly and verbally request approval some may be doing that and we're actually kind of curious if there are some air traffic control centers providing information or authorization but the process the atc should be referring you to the faa dronezone.faa.gov website and this is the same website where you register your small unmanned aircraft but the process to initiate an authorization to fly in a controlled airspace should be done through the website the low altitude authorization and notification capability system um known as lance is a industry developed application with the goal of providing drone operators near real time processing of airspace notification and automatic approval of requests to fly in controlled airspace that are below the approved altitudes now this is as of 2018 a new system that's been rolling out and the airspace data is will be provided through the uas facility maps and these maps will show the maximum altitude around an airport where the faa may authorize operations under the small uas rule now although this will likely not be on your final knowledge exam we just feel it warrants mentioning and again in early 2018 the faa officially announced the nationwide expansion of the lance program where digital airspace authorization will be rolled out to nearly 300 air traffic control facilities that represent approximately 500 airports across the united states so lance authorization to fly in a controlled airspace should become pretty easy digitally and most importantly available almost immediately now if you're not in the lance area and i believe they're starting out in the western united states first at some of the larger metropolitan airports the air traffic control again should be referring you to apply for flight authorization via the faa drone zone website so let's move on to 12 practice questions and answers here so the purpose of a military training route is to allow the military to conduct if you remember that was low altitude high speed training remember the the icons and the numbers vr or ir followed by a three or four digit number according to title 14 code of federal regulations part 107 a remote pilot planning to operate within controlled class c airspace must so if it's in a controlled airspace the remote pilot must receive authorization from the faa a blue segmented circle on a sectional chart depicts which type of class airspace segmented or also dashed delta blue and that would be class d airspace which group of airspace is considered all controlled airspace well we know class b bravo airspace is controlled airspace we know class c is controlled air space d is controlled air space but class g is not controlled air space so the correct answer is b c and d the nas defines airspace under which two categories so the national airspace system defines airspace under two categories and that is regulatory and non-regulatory now controlled class c charlie airspace typically on average includes airspace from well the giveaway question here is remember all this class c controlled airspace is measured in msl so the correct answer is from the surface to 4000 feet msl typically controlled class b bravo airspace typically includes airspace from and we gave another one away here from the surface to 10 000 feet mean sea level notice to airmen are published by the faa to announce and this is in part i should say to announce you may get a question like this and again the answer will always be the more true answer now although there's several answers to this question the really only correct answer is temporary flight restrictions but again it could be for other reasons as well temporary flight restrictions would cover important people coming to the area president an area that represents an unusual and often invisible hazard to aircraft such as artillery firing or gunnery is a prohibited area a warning or a restricted area and remember that is a restricted area it is restricted a remote pilot would not necessarily need approval to fly within that restricted area but for obvious reasons highly recommended you do not fly within an area that has artillery firing or gunnery i wouldn't and lastly in part noticed airmen provide information pertaining to announcements for not for sudden weather changes and changes to controlled airspace won't change really so it's military exercises flights of important people coming into an area closed runways exercises etc if you were hired to take photos in a prohibited area are you allowed to fly your drone within that prohibited area in an area that's prohibited it is no never permitted to fly within a prohibited area and lastly a solid magenta circle on a sectional chart depicts which type of controlled airspace and class b bravo is blue and class c charlie is magenta alright awesome good job congrats on completing lesson two if you want to press on and continue with lesson three which we will review aeronautical sectional charts it's the two-dimensional view of the airspace we kind of just reviewed and then some and we'll also go into latitude and longitudes and a bunch of other great stuff so press on and congrats