- Hello! How are you doing? So today's video is a very important one, we're going to summarize all French conjugation in a single video. So actually, I made a video like that for French pronouns. And we summarized all the French pronouns in a table! It's a very successful video, you liked it a lot, it has a lot of views. So I thought it would be nice to do the same thing for all verb tenses. So today, and it's not by accident, our pack came out "Verbs and Conjugation". So it's a course in which I explain all French conjugation and all the verbs and the problems that you have with these verbs the verb tenses, so that's it! Take advantage of it because there is obviously a course release offer lasting three days! I will leave you all the links on the video or under the video, it's really an incredible class! All right, let's get started! So I'm going to take all the verb tenses, we'll see some examples, and I will explain how to use them. Obviously in a general way, summarized. And so each time, as we move forward, we will build our conjugation table. And at the end, the table will contain all the French verb tenses. So obviously, where do we start? Well, of course, at the present tense. So it is necessary to know that this present tense is the most used French tense by a mile! And so it can be used for many things. So obviously, it can be used to say that something is being done, that is, if I say, for example, "I sing." It means that right now, at this moment, I'm singing. But it is also very useful in describing general things, which are always true... for example: Earth is round. So next is something important, and maybe you hadn't thought of it, but it's very common too, we use the present even if we're in the past. In particular, when we write a biography, you can check out Wikipedia, there's this sentence: Just born, Victor Hugo is the center of attention. So we see that it's the present, and yet it's obviously not today, Victor Hugo, was not born today. So it actually allows you to be more dynamic when you're in the process of telling the story of a person's life. And you may not have known it, but we often use the present to talk about the future. And here too it's the same thing, it offers something more dynamic! It's mostly spoken -- for example, I say: Tomorrow, I'm going to Spain! Well, then before we dive into the past tense, I wanted to talk about the progressive present. So It's especially very important to understand that in French, the progressive present is not widely used. Much less than in English, okay? And even less, for example, than in Spanish. So a typical example that I often give to my students is for example if you say: it is raining. In French, you will use the present tense. You can't say: It's in the process of raining. I mean, that's weird. So when will we use the progressive present? For example, if someone talks to me and I say to him: "Shh! I'm in the middle of a phone call!" To really show that we're doing something and you're bothering me by talking to me at the same time. So let's start setting up our conjugation table, and now now we have two beginning columns with the present and the progressive present that summarize what I just said. OK, let's start with a past verb tense that's a little bit used, it's a pseudo-verbal tense actually, it's the recent past. So for example: I just finished my homework. So we just use it for something that just happened. All right, now we're going to see the "king" of all French past tenses, that is, the compound past. So the compound past is a compound tense, we build it, using an auxiliary and a past participle. I'm not going to go into those details now. But what you need to know is that you use it for an action that is generally quite brief, not very long lasting. Rather well defined, and it is usually an action and the main action. So for example, I say: I got up at 11:00. And now, right away, we're going to see the imperfect tense, which is the second most used past tense in French. So the imperfect tense, we're actually going to use it when we describe something. in the past, more to describe something, okay? When we talk about the setting, actually. And so now, it's not something that's well defined in time. So the best thing is to see an example that includes both verb tenses, imperfect and compound past. So I say for example, "The weather was fine, the birds were singing, everything was quiet. When all of a sudden, Jean entered." So we can see here the setting described by the imperfect tense, and the main action, very brief, described by the compound past. All right, it's time to see all this on the board that we build as we go along. So now here it is, I added there, in red, 3 tenses from the past. And we're going to continue because there are other past tenses. So then, there are other past tenses, including the past perfect. So the past perfect in fact, it's used just to describe a prior event. For example: When Paul arrived, they had already eaten. Next is a tense that is very interesting: the historical past. So the historical past is a little special in French because we almost never use it when speaking. It is really a verbal tense that is used mainly in novels, in books when you tell stories. Or in tales. So to put it simply, it can be said that it has the same role as the compound past, but in novels. So let's look at an example right away: Paul walked into the room. Now the prior historical past is, in fact, a tense that will be used to mark the prior nature right there too, in novels. In fact, it is the compound tense of the historical past. Let's look an example right away: When he left, everyone calmed down. So here the prior historical past tense marks a prior happening, and then we see the historical past tense. All right, it's time to summarize a bit, so let's take a look at our chart. Now we're done with all the past tenses. And so you see, past perfect, historical past, prior historical past. And now, yes, we're going to move on to the future. So the first future tense to learn is actually quite easy to build, it's a pseudo verbal tense, it's what we call the near future. So the near future tense, it obviously serves to talk about the not too distant future, about the near future. But in fact it is used a lot orally and is becoming more and more popular at the expense of the future of the indicative, especially when speaking aloud, because it is more dynamic. And so we use it more and more, even for events that often are far away in time. But in general, these are events that have a lot to do with the present moment, and events that are rather certain... quite likely. It is likely that they will happen. Like, for example, I don't know, a vacation plan. So let's look at an example right now: "Hey! You know I'm moving to Toulouse soon?" And so obviously, we're now going to look at the indicative future tense that we nevertheless still use. We're clearly going to use it for things a little further away in time and a little less likely. For example, a child who would project himself into the future and say to himself: "When I grow up, I'll be a veterinarian." Clearly, there is a compound future tense and this is what is called the prior future tense. So first of all, it is used to note something that _will_ _have_ happened. For example: It will happen when we _will_ _have_ finished. It can also be used to describe an action that will be completed. All right, it's time to see our table again, which we are building bit by bit, and now you see that we have the three columns for future tenses. And now we're going to move on to another verbal state, and this is very interesting, since we now often consider it to be in the indicative tense. But, traditionally, we would separate and treat the conditional as separate from the indicative. So first of all, the conditional present. It is very often used to talk about something that is not certain, that is not guaranteed. So for example, we use it very often for weather: "There are storm risks in the south of France." But another very, very common use is for politeness. When you're polite, you don't say: I want that. You say: I would like that. And when you enter a store, you say, for example: Could you give me this, please? Or: "I would like that, please," etc. And another very important role of the conditional present is when we hypothesize, for example: "If I had money, I would go to Paris." All right? We now move on to the conditional past, we call it that, but actually it is the compound tense of the conditional present, we could have called it the compound conditional. So first of all, it is used to express something that has not yet been verified, for example: "Scientists _reportedly_ discovered the skeleton of a new species of dinosaurs." We use it a lot when we want to express regrets. For example: I would have liked to be an artist. Or even criticisms: You should have told me that. And finally, it is also used in the hypothetical. It is called the unfulfillable assumption. So for example: "If I had studied, I could have left..." OK? So it's an unfulfillable assumption because it's already over. and I can't go back to it anymore. So it is now time to stop for a moment, and here is the table that appears again, and you see the two columns of the conditional tense appear. So now we're going to move on to the subjunctive tense. So this is a separate state, and it's the state we call the state of uncertainty. Well, then, I'm not going to dwell on that anyway. I made a video that briefly summarizes the subjunctive tense, I will leave you the link. But we will keep it simple, we will say that the subjunctive is generally found after the word, "THAT." So for example: You have to come at 5:00. And finally, of course, there is also a compound subjunctive tense. It's what we call past subjunctive tense. So this has to do with an uncertain action, supposedly carried out as we speak. Or that happened before another action. So let's look at some examples right now! For example: I don't think that she has finished. Or: I want you to finish before I get back. And let's now summarize a little before we move on to the next part. So you see the two columns of the subjunctive tense appear. Now, there are two other subjunctive tenses, but they are almost never used anymore these days so I didn't include them! I want to make a table that is really practical, down-to-earth, and that is useful for today's French. All right, let's move on to another verbal state: the imperative tense. So roughly speaking, the imperative is used either to give orders, or to give advice. So let's see an example right away: Shut up! Or for advice or guidance, for example when giving directions to someone, we can use the imperative. For example: Take the second on the right, then turn left. All right, now let's again switch to another state, it's the gerund, which is still used in French! So the gerund actually serves to express a circumstantial complement. So it can often be a circumstantial complement in a way. But we can also imagine that it serves to mark the simultaneity of two actions. Let's see an example right now! So, for example: He works _while_ singing. So we can imagine that the singing and the working occur simultaneously, or it can be considered as a circumstantial complement in a way. So how is it? It's while singing. So let's now end off by looking at the present participle. So the present participle is a verbal tense that's rarely used! In fact, it is used mainly in a journalistic style, for example, in the headlines of the newspapers. But in writing in general. So its first function is that it can replace a relative proposal. So for example: He is a person easily angered. So I could have said: He's a person who gets angry easily. I can also say: He is a person easily angered. And it can also express causation! So for example: This product being too expensive, it does not sell. So it's time to see our table again, and there it is! So obviously here, in the video it looks a little bit small, you may have trouble seeing it! But I'll give you the table, you can print it, I will give it to you in the article corresponding to this video, i.e., in our website's blog. I will obviously leave you all the links under the video! So I know, I know..... Some people will tell me that I didn't talk about certain verb tenses! Well, yes, it's true, but it was just a summary. So I didn't talk about the imperfect subjunctive tense and past perfect subjunctive tense in particular. Nor did I talk about the past imperative! I did not mention, for example, the progressive imperfect, because there is only the progressive present! We can use that in the imperfect. I didn't talk about the super-compound past! Anyway, I will deal with all this in detail with lots of exercises and great videos in the "Verbs and Conjugation" pack. So if you're interested don't forget, as today is the launch of this course, well, there's an offer lasting three days! So I will leave you the link in the video's description and then it'll appear probably also on the video. That's it, so that's the end of this video, I really hope it will be useful to you! So feel free to give a thumbs up, and then don't hesitate to share this video with your friends! And above all, don't forget to subscribe to the channel if you haven't already done so. We'll see you soon in an upcoming video -- bye!