Kerbal Space Program: Getting to Orbit

Introduction

• This episode covers getting to orbit in Kerbal Space Program, which is challenging for beginners.
• Orbiting becomes easier with practice and technology unlocks.
• Some theory is involved: understanding what an orbit is and how to achieve it.

Understanding Orbit

• An orbit involves traveling sideways very fast to avoid falling back to the ground.
• Gravity affects you nearly the same in orbit as on the ground.
• To stay in orbit, you must move sideways fast enough to keep missing the planet as you fall.
• Achieving orbit requires transitioning from a curved path (arc) to a circular one where the lowest point is above the atmosphere.

Basic Orbital Mechanics

• Apoapsis (AP): The highest point in an orbit.
• Periapsis (PE): The lowest point in an orbit.
• Increase energy to your path at the apoapsis to push the opposite side of the orbit higher, aiming for a stable orbit above 70 km.

Launch Strategy

• Take off vertically to leave thick atmospheric air quickly.
• Start a gradual turn towards the east due to the planet's rotation providing a speed boost.
• Aim for a 45-degree angle by 15,000 meters to efficiently transition to an orbital path.

Building Your Rocket

• Use a mix of engines and fuel tanks, considering thrust-to-weight ratios.
• Start with a strong thrust to leave the ground effectively, then transition to less powerful, more fuel-efficient engines as you reach space.
• Consider multi-staging to discard empty fuel tanks and improve efficiency.

Launch Execution

• Use SAS and navball for stability and orientation.
• Begin turning eastwards at 100 m/s.
• Maintain a balance between vertical ascent and horizontal velocity increase.

Transition to Orbit

• Switch to map view to monitor apoapsis and periapsis.
• Burn prograde at apoapsis to expand the orbit until periapsis is above 70 km.
• Adjust burns based on the movement of your apoapsis to ensure efficiency.

Returning from Orbit

• Plan to lower periapsis below 70 km to re-enter the atmosphere.
• Burn retrograde at apoapsis to reduce orbit height efficiently.
• Aim for a periapsis around 20-30 km to ensure a safe descent.

Re-entry and Landing

• Face retrograde during re-entry for heat shielding.
• Parachute deployment when safe (indicated by color change).
• Jettison heat shield if needed to reduce landing speed.

Conclusion

• Achieving orbit is a significant challenge but can be mastered with practice.
• Future steps include contracts and potentially exploring the Moon.
• Unlocking new technologies and upgrading facilities will enhance capabilities.