hey it's Kate from pre-nursing smarter I hope you're having an awesome day today in this video we're going to go over the genital urinary system talk about the functions of the kidneys go over some basic kidney anatomy and then do an outline of the main study points for this T's body system this was a request some YouTube comments so if there are other things that you'd like to see please let me know and I'll do my best to make a video of course I have all the material you need to know for the teas in my tees prep program and I have more details on my website as well if you're looking for free teas resources I'm in the anatomy and physiology module 3 which covers the endocrine genital urinary immune and skeletal systems if you haven't already checked out my endocrine videos I'll link to that but that's another great resource where I do another outline and talk about the main functions for you you'll need to know kidney anatomy and functions the basics of kidney filtration how urine is made those are some of the most important things to know for the tea science section to help you memorize this I have four pages of flash cards already done for you let's go over some of those now list the five key functions of the kidneys number one they make urine this is waste from the digestive or gastrointestinal system from protein breakdown the urine is waste from protein breakdown two they filter the blood of salt nutrients water and waste three maintain water homeostasis four maintain blood pressure and five activate vitamin D now let's take a look at some kidney anatomy here name the three regions of the kidneys one we have cortex two montucula three renal pelvis the cortex is the outer kidney layer with blood vessels and a majority of nephrons the majority of nephrons are in the cortex the cortex also makes a hormone that encourages bone marrow to make more red blood cells the medulla is the inner kidney layer it contains some nephrons as well and it concentrates urine and is involved in salt water balance the renal pelvis is the bean-shaped part of the kidney where waste fluid drains out of the kidneys and into the ureters it's the central collecting region the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney it makes urine and it consists of the glomerulius renal tubule and collecting tubule sorry if I mispronounce this I never can't quite speak right when I'm reading things out loud glomerulius filters red blood cells out of blood before filtering uses blood pressure to begin filtration and is a small network of capillaries in the upper end of the Nephron for the teas it's huge to know that the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney convoluted Loops filter water and nutrients so that they can stay in the body filter waste from protein digestion chesuria uses ion pumping to diffuse nutrients back into blood these are also called the renal tubules so one thing to know about the kidneys is that they remove waste the urea and other waste products that are going to go out in urine but they also filter back into the body water nutrients kidneys work really hard to keep the good stuff of blood in the body and the bad stuff of blood out of the body collecting tubule is the part of the Nephron that collects urine from the distal convoluted tubule ureter is the duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder and urinary bladder is a hollow muscular Sac that holds and stores urine it's elastic to stretch and it connects to the nervous system a sometimes overlooked way of studying for the teeth is it's not just memorizing Anatomy structures but the teeth is going to ask you about different connection points with different body systems students sometimes overlook this and I help you walk through this we've already seen a little bit of this here where the urinary bladder connects to the nervous system and the kidneys are working with the cardiovascular system and also the skin when they activate vitamin D so seeing how some of these different pieces of anatomy work together with different body systems is a really great thing to know for the teas so the urinary bladder connects to the nervous system this is kind of how you know that you have to go into the bathroom when it's full the urethra is the tube leading from the urinary bladder to outside of the body so the urethra goes outside the body and the ureter is the duct from the kidney to the urinary bladder both of these carry urine the ureter is carrying urine inside the body and the urethra is carrying urine to go outside the body I hoped reviewing some of these flashcards of kidney anatomies helped you now let's take a look at the outline for this body system in my course you can go ahead and download this if you want to grab something to take notes with I'll read this out loud and you can take notes you can make your own notes or you can play this to help with memorization especially if you're an auditory learner I know some people listen to my audio lessons in the shower in the car whatever goal here is to help you study smarter and memorize let's go over the system summary kidneys affect the entire body it's not just learning the anatomy of the kidneys it's learning how the kidneys work and function with other body systems kidneys make urine waste is collected from the digestive system urea is from protein breakdown it's made of ammonia urine has excess salt but it's also mostly water kidneys filter the blood of salt nutrients water and waste kidneys maintain water homeostasis kidneys maintain blood pressure through renin kidneys activate vitamin D and kidneys assist in red blood cell production the kidneys work with the cardiovascular system kidneys filter blood enters through the renal artery and blood that's filtered returns to the body through the renal vein kidneys release run into filter blood this regulates blood pressure and renin so I have seen across my years of helping people study for the teas that renin can be considered a hormone and an enzyme I just want to put that out there that you might see that in your tea studying materials the kidneys have three main regions cortex it's the outer layer contains the majority of nephrons and makes erythroproietine sorry for mispronouncing things the medulla is the inner layer it also has nephrons but just not the majority and it concentrates urine the renal pelvis is the bean area and it's where waste drains out of the kidneys the nephron is the kidneys functional unit and filtering unit it consists of the glomerulius which filters red blood cells out of the blood before filtering red blood cells are removed first before blood starts getting its more heavy duty filtering with nutrients water and waste blood pressure is used to drive the filtration process convoluted Loops filter water and nutrients so that they stay in the body filtered waste from protein digestion so urea is the waste that goes and becomes urine the convoluted Loops use ion pumping to diffuse nutrient back into the blood kidneys make urine urine largely contains waste urea from protein digestion salt and water filtered waste leaves the kidneys through the renal pelvis the collecting ducts drain into the renal pelvis and then from the renal pelvised waist travels down through the ureter urine is stored in the bladder the bladder is elastic it's connected to the nervous system and the bladder volume is around 500 to a thousand milliliters urine leaves the body through the urethra this covers a lot of the main study points you'll see for teas science anatomy and physiology covering the genital urinary system and the kidneys filtration and urine production I know this is a lot but I hope this helped you we did this in only a couple minutes and you can come back to this anytime to help you memorize if you want more details and understand it better I have more lessons here and then I also cover every body system you'll see on the t's and have more than a thousand practice questions to help you apply what you've learned keep up the great work with your cheese prep and I'll catch up with you soon take care