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What is sentinel surveillance and one of its limitations?
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Sentinel surveillance uses selected institutions/groups to provide data on specific diseases, but it is limited by focusing on a few groups, making it less useful for rare diseases.
Why is flexibility an important characteristic of a good surveillance system?
Flexibility allows the system to accommodate changes with minimal resources.
Describe passive surveillance and one of its limitations.
Routine reporting of health data that can result in underreporting due to mild/asymptomatic illnesses or logistical problems.
What is the primary aim of dissemination in the context of public health surveillance?
To ensure the information reaches the correct audience so appropriate actions can be taken.
What are the basic elements of public health surveillance?
Detection and notification, collection and storage, analysis and interpretation, and dissemination.
What is the main advantage of active surveillance compared to passive surveillance?
Active surveillance tends to provide more complete and higher quality data.
What kind of events does the Global Public Health Intelligence Network monitor?
It monitors online news sources to provide early warnings about potential public health threats.
How does the simplicity of a surveillance system improve its effectiveness?
An easy-to-operate system with straightforward case definitions enhances ease of use and reliability.
How does active surveillance differ from passive surveillance?
Active surveillance involves actively seeking out health data, usually during outbreaks, and tends to yield more complete and higher quality data.
Give an example of a non-traditional source used in rumor surveillance.
Blogs, internet discussions, media, hearsay, or social media.
Define the characteristic 'representativeness' in a good surveillance system.
It means the system accurately portrays the health events in terms of time, place, and person.
What is the primary purpose of public health surveillance?
To reduce morbidity and mortality and improve health through the collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health-related data.
Mention one reason why surveillance systems need routine evaluation.
To ensure they continue to meet their objectives and serve the public health function effectively.
How does data quality impact the effectiveness of a public health surveillance system?
High data quality ensures completeness, accuracy, and reliability, making the findings actionable.
Name two uses of public health surveillance.
Characterizing disease patterns and detecting outbreaks.
What does timeliness in a surveillance system refer to?
The ability of the surveillance system to detect health events in a timely manner to facilitate prompt action.
What is the significance of having clearly stated objectives in a surveillance system?
Clearly stated objectives ensure the system meets its goals and priorities effectively.
Why is acceptance by participants crucial for the success of a surveillance system?
It ensures compliance and reliable data reporting from those involved.
What is the goal of syndromic surveillance?
To achieve early identification of illness clusters by monitoring non-specific syndromes.
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