[Music] hi there welcome to this study clicks podcast on aan Boland my name is Laura Daly I'm an English teacher from Dublin and I'm going to be taking you through an exam Focus podcast on bolan's poetry for the leaving search I will go through each of the poems in the course with a view to condensing them into bite-size elements to make them easy for you to remember these bite-size elements will include looking at themes key images and language stylistic features and tone so a of background about Boland first Boland was born in 1944 in Dublin and although she spent a lot of her childhood outside Ireland she returned and studied English and Latin at Trinity College this was a truly vibrant time for emerging Irish poets also studying in Trinity around that time were eilon Brendan canelli Michael lley and Derek maton she married and had two daughters moving to the suburbs her poetry often deals with the fact that as she put it herself she didn't see herself or her life in the Poetry of the time and therefore she said about writing her reality it is a fantastic idea for your essay to include a quote by the poet about their own work and it works really well to have it in your introduction Bolan says poetry begins where language starts in the shadows and accidents of one person's life this is the perfect quote to focus on the common themes outlined in her poetry so what are those common themes well her poetry has a distinctly feminist slant she writes about the nature of Love and Marriage her poems explore marginalization voicelessness and agent she conflates the political and the Suburban and elevates the ordinary and the domestic to the Divine mythology also features strongly in her poetry influenced by her studies of Latin so familiarize yourself with the myths mentioned in the poems and the course through your textbooks to gain a greater insight into the themes explored so just before we move to the poems themselves I want to let you know that you can also check out annotated sample answers on The Poets on the study clicks website so let's get started one child of our time child of our time is a fiercely political poem in response to a devastating act of violence during the troubles the Dublin and monahim bombings caused many deaths but in the poem Bolan specifically addresses a child who was killed she uses her art as a searing criticism of a society which is full of idle talk and allows the death of Innocence to continue the poem is framed as a lullabi its rhyme scheme and Rhythm echoing that which is used to put a child to sleep this song is used to soothe the child to his final sleep making it a poignant and heart-wrenching poem the poem opens with the fact that the world has irrevocably changed for Boland since the sudden death of the child yesterday I knew no lullabi but you have taught me overnight to order this song which takes from your final cry its tune this opening six line stanza is full of contrasts cry tune unreasoned end reason Rhythm Discord are all JS deposed as she tries to make some sense of the senseless death the second stanza shifts from using the personal pronoun I to we as collective responsibility is assumed and blame assigned to society as a whole we who should have known how to instruct the imagery of the stanza is extremely evocative a leny of things associated with childhood bedtime stories Tales to distract cuddly toys animals you took to bed and learning new words an idiom for you to keep the tone is angry then sorrowful but ultimately Resolute in the alliterative final line and living learn must learn from you dead the meaning in the child's death must come from what we've Lear learned from it this is emphasized by the repetition of learn this theme echoes in the final stanza also which is a rallying call for political change for peace talks or a new language the language is violent broken limbs robbed she repeats broken image showing how what she conceived of a society is now shattered the cacophonous alliteration of T and B throughout the stanza adds to this image of societal Discord she finds fault in those whose political discourse has found no resolution to the conflict our idle talk has costed but she hopes this moment will awaken a new world child of our time our times have robbed your cradle sleep in a world your final sleep has woken the final siblin in the repetition of sleep can be seen as both Sinister and soothing the poem is full of these contrasts ultimately the poet hopes for change but this hope is not enough to relieve the devastation felt at the untimely loss of the child so to recap the poem have pens at the ready themes War and the death death of innocence and conflict political and societal apathy in the face of violence and new discourse for peace key images the imagery of childhood the imagery of violence the idle talk and new language the robbed cradle sleep as death stylistic features J toos rhyme and rhythm of a lullabi tone anger sorrow resolution two the warhorse the warhorse is an allegorical poem on the surface it is about a traveler's horse who escapes and causes minor damage in a Suburban housing estate by trampling in some Gardens it was written during a time of great violence during the troubles in Northern Ireland so metaphorically the horse represents war and how it can come to encroach on seemingly distant Domesticity particularly in the Republic the tone of the poem is slightly accusatory at times as bolum wonders at our ability to disassociate from the violence of the world and asks why should we care once we are safe in this way the poem encourages the reader to reflect on their role as a bystander in the conflicts of society in terms of form the poem is written in rhyming couplets the poet is mirroring the orderliness of Suburbia but the inment hints at how that facade of order is always under Threat by the realities of war and conflict the poem opens with a sense of immediacy this dry night and Boland lulls us into a full sense of security with nothing unusual about the clip clop casual the anaa and a litera of sea creating a musicality and Rhythm bold interrupted by the simile of the following couplet this dry night nothing unusual about the clip clop casual iron of his shoes as he stamps death like a mint on the innocent coinage of Earth the language is suddenly filled with connotations of war and violence iron stamp death and innocent a speaker an observer enters the poem and watches the Horse Pass his breath hissing his snuffling head down and the siblin Intimates a Sinister undertone to the benign image this subtle contrast continues throughout the imagery in the poem Bolan States no great harm is done only a leaf of our Laurel hedge is torn of distant interest like a maed limb the leaf is compared to a maed limb following this a rose is a volunteer and a crocus head is one of the scream is dead the effect of the imagery is disturbing suddenly the focus shifts back to the speaker but we we are safe the repetition of we emphasizes the selfishness of human nature the central theme of the poem was captured in this rhetorical question question why should we care if a rose a hedge a crocus are uprooted like corpses remote crushed mutilated the themes of migration death and human suffering coupled with our lack of empathy makes this a stark and jarring image for the reader as the horse moves on the speaker and her neighbors under the subterfuge of curtains feel relief momentarily her blood is still with activism this innocuous incident recalls past and present violence for Boland the closing lines are sharply pessimistic a cause ruined before a world betrayed this cycle of violence is nothing new nor is our disinterest and we have betrayed our Humanity By ignoring it powerful stuff so to recap have the pens at the ready themes war and its victims the lack of empathy by those not directly affected key images the horse as a metaphor for war the flowers as metaphors for the casualties of war the language of violence throughout stylistic features rhetorical question sibilance anoma and contrast tone threaten accusatory pessimistic three the famine Road in terms of form the famine road is the most unusual and interesting on the course two distinct narratives run parallel they seem almost completely unrelated until Bolan ties the two together in the final stanza the first narrative deals with the Great Famine letters are exchanged between Lord trellion and Colonel Jones from the Relief Committee as they oversee the building of pointless roads to keep the starving Irish busy The subn Narrative is the voice of a doctor C ly explaining to an unnamed woman that there is no obvious cause and therefore no cure for her infertility for Simplicity sake I will deal with the two narratives separately but you can weave the two narratives in your analysis in your essay if you wish tone is crucial in understanding this poem as the voices completely lack empathy it's a harsh statement on the inhumanity of people travelan offers no relief to the suffering Irish he sees them as inferior these Irish give them no coins at all their bones need toil their characters no no less the committee's response is to suggest to give them roads roads to force from nowhere going nowhere of course the repetition of nowhere emphasizing the utter pointlessness of the Endeavor the imagery turns to the victims like the roads they are building they too are directionless they are so hungry that their thoughts turn to cannibalism each eyed as if at a corner butcher the others buttock this simile showing the extremity of their situation disease and death are so rampant that the Irish two have lost their empathy one is described as a tyho pariah he is abandoned even by his relatives who in fear for their own lives will offer him no comfort as he dies no more than snow attends its own flakes where they settle and melt will they prey by his death rattle ironically the Relief Committee report back their Endeavors have been a success sedition idleness cured despite the fact that death is rampant I saw bones out of my Carriage window the oppressed and the oppressor are contrasted in the imagery of the bones and the carriage and disgust is evoked in the reader this disgust also slowly builds as the doctor gives his unfeeling diagnosis to the woman in the subn narrative he lists statistics one out of every 10 then he offers no cause one sees day after day these Mysteries his medical advice amounts to take it well woman grow your garden keep house goodbye her infertility is completely minimized her suffering dismissed in the matter of fact tone adopted earlier in the poem her voice is eventually heard in the final stanza when the two strands cohere Baron never to know the load of his child in you what is your body now if not a famine Road there is so much to unpack in this final stanza the woman's Devastation at her inability to have children the mournful asence in this stanza Echoes her despair but there is also the Insidious suggestion that her body is useless now that she cannot have children her value like the Irish lies in her ability to produce both are deemed useless when they are no longer vehicles for production a Sinister thought the woman herself has internalized in both narratives the voices of the marginalized or silenced so to recap themes people's inhumanity cruelty lack of empathy voicelessness of the oppressed and marginalized in society key images the famine Road both literally and metaphorically in terms of the woman's body the simile of cannibalism the simile of the snowflakes the tyho Pariah stylistic features use of the direct voice of the British imperialists and the doctor the direct voice of the woman at the end tone matter of fact dismissive condescending four love love is a poem that captures the different stages of a marriage while appreciating her marriage in its current state the poet looks back longingly on a period of intensity at the beginning of her relationship and yearns for the passion of that love once more the myth of anas from classical literature is used as an extended metaphor throughout the poem and he has travels to the underworld in search of his father and meets his comrades who are unable to speak to him the metaphor is used predominantly to show how Boland and her husband are failing to communicate effectively but all also that she views her husband as a hero like anas the poem recalls a specific time in bolan's life when she lived in the midwestern town of Iowa with her husband and young children on a visit back she is reminded of that time when mits collided here she is referring to the story of anas intersecting with the story of her relationship the river in the town in the dark becomes the water the hero crossed on his way to Hell the soft aliter of H belies the menacing undertone of the image Boland recalls the Simplicity of their lives at that time and cap ated in the image of the Amish table and the predominant feeling explored is the intense passion they experienced at that time love is captured in this sensuous image love had the feather and muscle of wings love is also compared to one of the elements essential to survival a brother of Fire and Air the intensity of the early years of their marriage is heightened by the near fatal illness of one of their two infant children who was touched by death in this town and spared The Narrative shifts again at this point back to the imagery of anas who cannot communicate with the Fallen comrades that he meets in Hell their mouths opened and their voices failed and there is no knowing what they would have asked about a life they had shared and lost this arresting metaphor shows how for Boland and her husband communication has failed what is it from their shared life that they have lost since this time Boland appears to answer this in the second half of the poem there is a shift in tone the passion has dissipated and she as matter of fact reflected in the short sentences I am your wife it was years ago the pronouns have also subtly shifted from we to predominantly I as we see a distance between the spices the love is not gone but it has transformed they love each other still but speak plainly while the poet respectfully acknowledges how their relationship is now and their ordinary differences are quite common she yearns for the passion and intensity they had before this longing is captured in the verbs I want I long to and the rhetorical questions will we ever live so intensely again will love come to us again ultimately the home is a lament and ends with a pessimistic tone the final couplet is full of mournful asant as she Mourns the intensity of her early marriage returning to the metaphorical image of anas as her husband but the words are shadows and you cannot hear me you walk away and I cannot follow the communication has failed and there is an impossible Gulf between them so to recap themes love at its various stages the intensity of early marriage and the challenges of long-term relationships key images the metaphors of love feather and muscle of wings a brother of Fire and Air the extended metaphor of anas images of stunted communication stylistic features the sensuous imagery contrasted with the matter OFA lines of the later stanzas rhetorical questions verbs of longing and desire the shift in pronouns tone nostalgic regretful yearning appreciative five the pomegranate the pomegranate is one of my favorite of bolans in the course and another that relies on Greek and Roman mythology therefore for it to understand the poem you must have a basic understanding of the myth of series and pany which I will give you a brief synopsis of now Hades god of the underworld kidnaps prapan and tricks her into eating pomegranate seeds which means she must stay in the Underworld forever following an intervention by Zeus pranie is allowed to return from the underworld but only for 6 Months of the Year siries her mother goddess of agriculture allows nothing to grow when she is apart from her daughter this myth is what explained the seasons in Greek and Roman times the theme of the poem is motherdaughter relationships and the evolving stages of Our Lives the poem opens with Boland aspis her love for the series and pranie myth the only Legend I have ever loved is the story of a daughter lost in hell and found and rescued there there's lovely soft alliteration of the L an assonance as well that gives the opening a musicality the myth appeals to the poet due to its relevance to her at all stages of her life I can enter it anywhere the poem has three distinct narrative threads that Mark these stages she Begins by recalling her time spent in London I was an exiled child in the crackling dust of the Underworld the Stars blighted the repetition of Exile in this part of the poem emphasizes bolan's isolation as an expatriate at this point she is prapan in the myth she grows to associate herself with the mother I was s's then and the imagery in this section is very much reminiscent of the poem this moment I walked out in the summer Twilight searching for my daughter at bedtime when she came running I was ready to make any bargain to keep her Bolan captures the visceral sentiment felt by all mothers at one point the desire to keep your child with you always but the reality is that time passes and children grow this is captured in the pthos of the image of the tree losing their leaves but the reality is that time passes and children grow this is captured in the pathos of the image of the trees losing their leaves and I knew winter was in store for every leaf on every tree on that road was inescapable for each one we passed and for me in the third narrative it is winter her small daughter has grown to be teenager Bolan passes her room and sees her child asleep beside her teen magazines her can of Coke her plate of uncut fruit the pomegranate the exclamation marks signaling that she has jolted back into the significance of the myth there is lovely ju deposition throughout the poem of the Two Worlds the mythological and the modern Boland rues the plucking of the pomegranate and there are definite Illusions throughout to the plucking of the Apple by Eve in the Garden of Eden also she sees the pomegranate a symbolic of her child's Coming of Age her impending entry into adulthood and she yearns to protect her from the world she will enter I could warn her there is still a chance the poet uses two rhetorical questions in the poem it lends to the conversational tone of the poem but what else can a mother give her daughter but such beautiful riffs in time the Crux of the poem lies in the evocative line that follows the question if I defer the grief I will diminish the gift if we try to protect our children from the world they will never fully experience it the gift to daughters is their freedom the legend will be hers as well as mine finally the closing image of the poem is one of rebelliousness and sexuality as the daughter takes her bite of the pomegranate while her mother doesn't stop her she will hold the papery flushed skin in her hand and to her lips I will say nothing what a Bittersweet moment for a mother watching her daughter on the cusp of adulthood so to recap themes mother-daughter relationships the transience of Parenthood and the desire to protect children Awakening sexuality key images the pomegranate the three narratives Boland as a child Boland as a mother to a young daughter her teenager on the cusp of adulthood stylistic features the metaphor of series and pranie myth as Boland and her daughter rhetorical questions JS to position of the modern and the mythical tone desperation love resignation six this moment this moment is the celebration of the ordinary the everyday the domestic it is a snapshot of suburban life and the use of the present tense throughout gives the PM a lovely immediacy it is vivid and sensuous and its Simplicity belong the depth of the message cherish this ordinary moment the stanzas are short and the opening couplet sets the Suburban scene a neighborhood at dusk dusk is a time of change and transition this state of flux is alluded to in the second stanza where things are getting ready to happen out of sight so often the ordinary and the domestic are maligned as dull but here a sense of mystery is evoked with the tone of anticipation but not yet Boland uses a subtle repetition in the poem of stars and Ms Stars are the symbolic of the very edge of our imagination and the moths are symbolic of the ordinariness this imagery shows us that the magical and ordinary simultaneously coexist all around us she describes the scene in terms of color the shadow of a tree is black and the simple simile one window is yellow as butter evokes the simple domestic theme once again the central image of the poem is the stanza in which a nameless woman catches a child the lack of names lends a wonderful universality to the image this is an action repeated all over the world this Central image of love and embrace and connection between mother and child surrounded by the dynamic World of Nature is the moment the poem celebrates a woman leans down to catch a child who has run into her arms this moment the last line stands alone apples sweeten in the dark the line has multiple interpretations the Apple sweetening in the dark reinforces the idea of transience we see in the poem nothing is static in nature everything is continuously changing from moment to moment hence it's so difficult to capture the moment as scene in the pomegranate the apples could also be a reference to Eve in the Garden of Eden and the impending loss of Innocence the scene is idilic in the youth and innocence that's captured but this is also fleeting and the poem carries this tension throughout so to recap themes celebration of the ordinary moments that make up a life key images the neighborhood the stars and moths apples colors black and yellow the woman catching the child stylistic features repetition the use of the Pres present tense simile Stillness josed with movement tone celebratory meditative grateful seven outside history outside history written in unri tets is a poem with a certain ambiguity which can allow various readings I will be approaching the poem in the most common way it is interpreted through a feminist lens where those who are Outsiders are women the poem is an Awakening of the poet and her desire to move into a position of agency in the world and therefore become part of History the poem opens with a matter of fact tone there are Outsiders always Illuminating a Core theme of the poem marginalization she moves to a metaphor of the stars because their light takes so long to reach the Earth it happened thousands of years before our painted therefore they are outside history too there is just deposition between the celestial and mythical nature of the stars in the cosmos and the realism of The Human Condition on Earth under them remains a place where you found you are human and a landscape in which you know you are mortal the use of the pronoun you suggests the poem is self-reflective with an introspective tone she decides the landscape that she will choose to inhabit will be the Mortal one out of myth into history I move as she claims her rightful place in society the Erasure of women from history and their contributions to all aspects of society including literature is being overtly challenged by Bolan through her art she resolutely asserts her place among the male Irish poets there is a play with imagery of light and darkness throughout the poem that Echoes this need for illumination a Coming Out of The Shadow Shadows of History the language in the final stanzas of the poem becomes significantly disturbing reflecting the darkness of human civilization she refers to that ordeal Darkness roads clotted Dead all culminating to a final pessimistic image how slowly they die as we kneel beside them whisper in their ear and we are too late we are always too late the mournful civilence and asence of this stanza as well as the repetition of too late emphasizes the defe Outlook of the poet although she's decided to step into history the violence of it leaves her feeling as if her earlier resolution was futile there is a sense that the marginalized will always remain so so to recap themes marginalization Erasure or absence of women as agents throughout history or in art key images light and darkness the metaphor of the Stars the landscape of humanity and the accompanying mortality myth versus history neeling beside the dead stylistic features metaphor assonance sibilance repetition in the final stanza negative language tone resigned assertive pessimistic eight the black lace fan my mother gave me the black lace fan my mother gave me is a poem about a fan given to the poet's Mother by her father in the early days of their romance in Paris the poem is a reconstruction of the beginnings of a courtship but it is also a poem that suggests that we can never really know the intimate details of a relationship parts of the narrative will always be Beyond reach the poem comes from a series entitled object lessons and the relationship is examined through the object of the fan the first love token passed down to Boland it is therefore evidence that her parents relationship survived those early passionate yet tentative days of their budding romance it was the first gift he ever gave her buying it for five Franks in the galleries in pre-war Paris here we see the soft alliterative F and P in the opening stanza lending to this tentative tone the image of pre-war Paris suggests a time of innocence and hope in the world and indeed romance as Paris is considered the city of love right from this opening stanza an atmosphere of anticipation and tension is created with the imagery of the TD weather a starless r made the night stormy the parents contrasting personalities are evoked in the short Snappy sentences she was always early he was late he is even later this evening as he has stopped to buy her the fan as she waits she thinks the distant smelled of rain and lightning creating a sense of for boing about their shared future captured in the metaphor of the distance the focus shifts to the intricacies of the fan and it is described in detail over two stanzas the most striking feature of the fan is the tortoise shell it is a worn out underwater bullion and it keeps even now an inference of its violation the language here unsettles and disturbs as the tortoise has been violated for its beautiful shell what other inferences are here has the love token itself been violated in its very bequeathment we see this unsettling language throughout the poem stifling drought killing worn out violation overcast heirless to add to this there are many instances of sibilance threat which also creates a slightly threatening tone the image of the fan is supplanted Again by The Narrative the man running late the impatient woman waiting as the storm gathers it finishes unsatisfactorily as the poet asserts that there is no way to know what happened then none at all unless of course you improvise it is a black bird and its wingspan on a sultry morning in summer which has caused the PO to recall the black lace fan and all its suggestiveness suddenly she puts out her Wing the whole flirtatious span of it here the fan holds a sensuality and again we think of the metaphorical meanings of the fan in terms of her parents relationship yet the past as Bolan puts it is indeed an empty Cafe Terrace full of expectation but really an empty Tableau onto which we assign stories and infer meaning so to recap themes love her parents relationship never truly knowing the details of an intimate relationship as an outsider key images the fan pre-war Paris the cafe Terrace with the woman waiting the encroaching storm the man running the Blackbird stylistic features metaphor alliteration sibilance tone passionate tentative uncertainty nine the shadow doll the shadow doll also comes from the series object lessons and just as the fan is used to explore her parents relationship the shadow doll is used to explore marriage and what it might mean to be a new bride the poet explains that shadow doll is a porcelain doll in a glass Dome wearing a small replica of the Bride to be's dress the doll acts as a a metomen on the cusp of marriage there are three female figures in the poem The Shadow doll the presumably Victorian bride and Boland on the eve of her own wedding the replica dress is described in terms of the labor exerted to make it they Stitch the blooms from Ivory T and the colors in the poem are white with the usual virginal connotations Ivory oyster porcelain the wedding if not marriage itself is seen as an oppressive Force One that paralyzes a woman in a state of artificial Beauty and airless Glamour the image is one of Suffocation under glass and voicelessness Under Wraps the poet announces that the shadow doll survives its occasion which is such an interesting image so much is conveyed in the poet's selection of the verb survives do women survive marriage as opposed to thrive in it the doll transforms into a sort of Silent Witness as the marriage progresses but is discreet about visits fevers quickenings and lusts the imagery hears of real life menstruation fertility sexuality all are in sharp contrast to the artifice of weddings represented by the doll however the woman still sees herself in the doll inside it all never feeling the Saturn rise and fall there is again an image of breathlessness here the final two tets move to the night before the poet's nuptials as she nervously repeats her vows the vows I kept repeating on the night before the enement here and elsewhere shows the lack of control the speaker feels she is astray lost among the gifts she is surrounded by as she packs her suitcase to begin her new life among the cards and wedding gifts you will notice that bow uses a lot of dashes throughout the poem images are suddenly cut off and it adds to the disjointed and disconcerting feeling evoked by the poem significantly the poem ends with the image of the suitcase The Battered tan case closing with difficulty it must be pressed down and pressing down again and then locks the repetition of pressing down here as with the repetition of under earlier in the poem emphasizes the oppressive nature of the journey she is about to Embark upon the finality of locks makes the reader question what parts of the woman are required to be pressed down and locked away under a patriarchal system of marriage so to recap themes marriage in a patriarchy the contrast of the artifice of a bride with the reality of being a married woman oppression key images the shadow doll the dress the white colors Bowland the night before her wedding the case locking stylistic features inment repetition of pressing down and under metonym the dash tone oppressive and and disconcerting 10 white Hawthorne in the west of Ireland white Hawthorne is associated with Irish folklore in myth and the west of Ireland always evokes a sense of wildness linked to the wildness of the landscape we see both these connotations in the poem white Hawthorne in the west of Ireland in the poem The Poet desires to be part of the landscape of Ireland but decides against deterred by myth and Superstition the poem opens with the speaker on a journey out of their normal millu I drove West in the season between the seasons I left behind Suburban Gardens lawnmowers Small Talk the language and the sentences are short and clipped evoking a tone of discontent with the ordinary and everyday a desire to escape in this transitional time of year the siblings throughout also lends to the sense of the Sinister in the mundane the second quat train we see the poet undergo a transformation she assumed the hard shyness of the Atlantic light and the superstitious Aura of the hathorne she becomes unreadable and at one with the mythology of the landscape she is a strong desire to pick up the hor to be part of that Ivory downhill Rush the enjam in these stanas mirroring the strong emotions that have carried the speaker away however her Desir is halted by custom and Superstition as bringing the Hawthorne indoors invited bad luck not to bring it indoors for the sake of the luck such constraint would forfeit a child might die perhaps in the final stanzas is the key metaphor of the poem The fluid nature of the Hawthorn blowing on the Hills is compared with the fluidity of water but interestingly the poet uses the word fluency which is connotations of language also so I left it stirring on those Hills with a fluency only the water has the hathorn like water is able to redefine the land just as the words of a poet can redefine the cultural landscape that they find themselves in which is what Boland asserts is the purpose of her poetry the Hawthorne like water is able to redefine the land just as the words of a poet can redefine the cultural landscape that they find themselves in which is what Boland asserts is the purpose of her poetry to redefine the land landcape of Irish poetry giving voice to Untold aspects of women's experiences she continues the water metaphor saying that the Hawthorn is the only language spoken in those parts and this is an interesting image in that the West is in sharp contrast with the small talk of Suburbia we see in the opening stanza it is a place beyond language there is a slightly ominous tone to the image Travelers astray in the unmarked lights of a May dusk has the poet found themselves a drift in a landscape where she cannot access language and is this a metaphor for her Brave Journey as a female poet so to recap themes a journey the Journey of a poet to find her voice and language in an unhospitable landscape the impact of Mythology and Superstition on people key images the white Hawthorne Suburban Gardens Small Talk the bad luck The Travelers fluency of water stylistic features metaphor sibilance enjam the seasons The Dusk and their connotations of transition tone discontent reticence slightly ominous conclusion so we've come to the end of the podcast I hope you've enjoyed this overview of bolan's poetry always use at least four poems in detail in your essay and quote as much as you can throughout finally remember to check out study clicks. for More Sample answers best of look [Music]