resourceful when he was caught stealing sweets and held in his anguish during the mild than defy the scientist I did want to include a woman in the group Jen was the only subject to take a long time to recover after the milgrim experiments so I felt I shouldn't use her Veronica didn't steal from the shop so that left Vicki of all the subjects she was the only one to have known the original mgrm experiment and call a halt to her involvement in it can I just say I can't do this because I've heard of this experiment before so I think she'll be quite interesting to use although I I don't know if she'll actually take the bait or not Ally stole most from the shop seems to be highly responsive most outgoing and seemed most happy to continue the experiment until he was stopped we shouldn't have made more notches on the thing I'm sorry Danny stopped the experiment but in such an outspoken way that I suspected he would have real strength of character to bring out it's not even reacting anymore in a unique period from the early 60s to the early '70s a group of social scientists conducted a series of experiments examining the nature of human behavior and its relationship to social conventions and situations in this setting I allow things to be done to me that I wouldn't allow in any other context dentist is about to put an electric drill into my mouth in this setting I willingly expose my throat to a man with a razor blade Stanley Milgram one of the most influential social psychologists of the time was particularly fascinated with the dangers of group behavior and blind obedience to Authority what is there in human nature that allows an individual to act without any restraints whatsoever so that he can act inhumanely harshly severely and in no way limited by feelings of compassion or conscience these are qu but he might be dead in there experiment requires that you continue teach 330 volts the experiments that mgram and others conducted were controversial and for ethical reasons may never be conducted again yet the results of those experiments remain groundbreaking profoundly revealing about the tensions between the individual and society and increasingly relevant to contemporary life in 1962 Stanley mgram shocked the world with his study on obedience to test his theories he invented any that would become a window into human [Music] cruelty an ascending order a row of buttons marked the amount of voltage one person would inflict upon [Music] another noam's original motive for the experiment was to understand the unthinkable how the German people could permit the extermination of the Jews when I learn of incidents such as the massacre of millions of men women and children perpetrated by the Nazis in World War II how is it possible I ask myself that ordinary people were courteous and decent in everyday life can act callously inhumanely without any limitations of conscience now there are some studies in my discipline social psychology that seemed to provide a clue to this question the problem I wanted to study was a little different went a little bit further it was the issue of authority under what conditions would a person obey Authority who commanded actions that went against conscience these are exactly the questions that I wanted to investigate at Yale [Music] University it is May 1962 an experiment is being conducted in the elegant interaction Laboratory at Yale University the subjects are 40 males between the ages of 20 and 50 residing in the greater New Haven area psychologists have developed several theories to explain how people learn one theory is that people learn things correctly whenever they get punished for making a mistake 40 years later mgr's Infamous experiment obedience is still taught in classrooms around the world would you open those and tell me which of you was which please teacher all right now the next thing we'll have to do has set the learner up so that he can get some sort of punishment when inspired mgrm I would say there were a number of factors one of them is he was very ambitious he wanted to make a mark in social psychology and he wanted as he wrote to one friend he wanted to come up with the most with the boldest experiment that he could think of would you roll up your right sleeve please this electrode is connected to the Shot Generator in the Next Room and this electrod paste is to provide a good contact to avoid any blister of burn do you have any questions now before we go into the Next Room about 2 years ago I was in the Veterans Hospital in West Haven and while there they detected a heart condition there's nothing serious but as long as I'm having these shocks uh how strong are they how dangerous are they well no although they may be painful they're not dangerous anything else no that's all all right teacher would you take the test and be seated in front of the shock generator please in the Next Room but the experiment was rigged the victim was an accomplice of the experiment the victim according to plan provided many wrong answers his verbal responses were standardized on tape and each protest was coordinated to a particular voltage level on the shock generator now his teacher you are seated in front of this impressive looking instrument the shock generator its essential feature is a line of switches that goes from 15 volts to 450 volts and a set of verbal designations that goes from slight shock to moderate shock strong shock very strong shock intense shock extreme intensity shock and finally XXX danger severe shock your job the experimenter explains to you is a word pair test if he gets each answer correctly fine you move on to the next pair but if he makes a mistake you were instructed to give him an electric shock starting with 15 volts and you increase the shock one step on each era incorrect you'll now get a shock of 105 hard headit just how far can you go on this thing as far as it necessary what do you mean as far as mg was very much aware that obedience is a necessary ingredient for society to function but he focused on the darker side of obedience incorrect 150 volts oh sad face exp that's all get me out of here I told you I had heart trouble my heart's starting to bother me now it's absolutely essential that you continue you have no other choice teacher oh I have a lot of choices my number one choice is that I wouldn't go on if I thought he was being harm now this man makes Disobedience seem a very rational and simple deed now other subjects respond quite differently to the experiment's authority wrong hair 75 Vols please continue some psychologists were troubled by the ethics of it many if not most subjects found it a highly stressful conflicted experience people are stammering stuttering laughing hysterically inappropriately 150 [Applause] volts experiment that's all get me out of here I told you I had heart trouble my heart's starting to bother me now get me out of here please let me out of here you have no right to keep me here let me out let me out of here let me out continue please let me out of here my eyes resp clearly you know when we say people went to the top of the shock board it wasn't like they were going blly sadistically people went stop and go stop and go they were in a state of conflict which was created a tremendous amount of stress so that was the main critique this will be at [Music] 3:30